- 相關(guān)推薦
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句1
give in
該短語表示“屈服;投降;讓步;呈交”。如:
I won't give in in any instance. ( 在任何情況下我都不會屈服。)
The enemy were forced to give in. (敵人被 迫投降。)
He told me plump that he would not give in. (他直截了當(dāng)告訴我,他決不讓步。)
Give in your examination papers now. (現(xiàn)在把考卷交上來。)
【注意】
give in后面會再接介詞to,表示“屈服于”。如:
Give in your examination papers now. (現(xiàn)在把考卷交上來。)
The employer is obliged to give in to his employee. (雇主被 迫向他的雇員們讓步。)
give away
該短語表示“贈送;背叛”。如:
He decide to give away everything he possessed and become a monk.
(他決定放棄他所有的一切,出家為僧。)
He gave away his books to a circulating library. (他把自己的書籍損贈給一家循環(huán)圖書館。)
She gave away state secrets to the enemy. (她將國家機(jī)密泄露給敵人了。)
He was given away by one of his accomplices. (他被他的`一個同謀者出賣了。)
give up
該短語表示“放棄;戒除;交出”。如:
She won't give up easily: she's a real fighter. (她不會輕易放棄的,她十分頑強(qiáng)。)
He will give up smoking for good and all. (他再也不吸煙了。)
He had to give his passport up to the authorities. (他得把護(hù)照交給.)
【注意】
give oneself up to sb.,表示“向某人投降”。如:
Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. (我方的三名軍官向敵人投降了。)
give back
該短語表示“歸還;恢復(fù)”。如:
I must give back the two books to the library before Friday.
(星期五之前我必須把這兩本書歸還圖書館。)
Living here has given back my health. (在這里居住使我恢復(fù)了健康。)
更多常用的give短語
(一)give off/give out
這兩個短語都表示“發(fā)出;散發(fā)”,兩者經(jīng)?梢曰Q,但如果非要加以區(qū)分,give off多指發(fā)出可見的東西,如光或煙霧等,而give out多指發(fā)出不可見的東西,如氣味或熱量等。如:
When wine is fermented it gives off bubbles of gas. (酒發(fā)酵時會放出氣泡。)
The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. (散熱器釋放出很多熱量。)
【注意】
give out也可以表示“公布”。如:
The news of the President's death was given out in a radio broadcast.
(總統(tǒng)逝世的消息已在電臺上播出了。)
(二)give rise to
該短語表示“導(dǎo)致;引起”,to是個介詞。如:
Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. (她失蹤一事引起了各種流言蜚語。
Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications.
(許多這樣的義務(wù)會引起各種問題和糾紛。)
(三)give birth to
該短語表示“生孩子;引起”,to是個介詞。如:
The ewe gave birth to only one lamb. (這母羊只產(chǎn)了一個羊羔。)
The traffic accident gave birth to a chain of events. (交通事故引起了一連串的事件。)
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句2
一、定義
在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的從句,就叫主語從句。通常放在主句謂語動詞之前,或由形式主語it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。
二、連接詞
根據(jù)主語從句所缺句子成分的情況,主語從句會由不同的連接詞連接,常見的連接詞有:that、if/whether、連接代詞、連接副詞和what。
三、that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
當(dāng)主語從句本身不缺成分時,就會使用that來連接。此時,that只起連接作用,但不能省略。如:
That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all.
(他要來我們村,讓我們都感到很驚訝。)
That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她過去是個間諜。)
這種情況下,因為主語從句往往比謂語部分更長,會導(dǎo)致整個句子頭重腳輕,所以經(jīng)常會用it作為形式主語來替換主語從句,而把主語從句放到句末。此時,that也只起連接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上兩個句子就存在這個問題,所以一般都會改為:
It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.
It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.
如果句子是疑問句,則必須用帶形式主語it的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我們的英語老師,是真的。)
That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去過那兒兩次了,是真的。)
這兩句話如果改為一般疑問句時,不能這么改:
錯誤:Is that she is your English teacher true?
錯誤:Is that he has been there twice a fact?
而是要改為含有形式主語it的句子:
Is it true that she is your English teacher?
Is it a fact that he has been there twice?
在形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)“It is+形容詞/名詞/名詞短語等+that主語從句”中,如果is后面的表語是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、a
necessity等)含義時,that從句中的謂語動詞一般要采用“should+do”的虛擬語氣形式,should經(jīng)常省略。如:
It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我們要盡快做出決定。)
It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我們必須學(xué)好英語。)
四、if/whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
當(dāng)主語從句本身含有是否的意思時,連接詞必須用if或whether。但是,如果主語從句位于句首時,只能用whether,不能用if。如:
Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. (是否對我們有害還要看一看。)
這種情況下,因為主語從句也比較長,會導(dǎo)致頭重腳輕的情況,所以也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末去。此時,連接詞除了用whether外,也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改為:
It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.
再比如:
Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery.
(這個樂隊是否會來我們城市仍然是個謎。)
上面的句子可以改為:
It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.
五、連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
常用來連接主語從句的連接代詞有:who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever等。這些連接代詞在從句中有的作主語,有的作賓語,有的作定語。如:
作主語:Who won the game hasn't been announced yet. (誰贏得了比賽,還沒宣布。)
作賓語:Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later.
(你剛才跟誰說話了,之后會證實的。)
作定語:Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world in
war. (無論哪個國家使用.會使全世界卷入戰(zhàn)爭。)
為了避免頭重腳輕,這種情況下的主語從句也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末。但是,連接代詞始終都不能省略。如上面的兩句話可以改為:
It hasn't been announced yet who won the game.
It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.
It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomic
bomb.
六、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
能夠用來連接主語從句的連接副詞主要有:when、where、why、how等。這些連接副詞在主語從句中作狀語。如:
When they will arrive at the station doesn't matter. (他們何時到站沒有什么關(guān)系。)
How the accident happended is still unknown. (這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的',還不清楚。)
Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery.
(他為什么沒有參加會議仍然是個謎。)
Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. (我在哪里過暑假不關(guān)你的事。)
為了避免頭重腳輕,上面的句子可以改為:
It doesn't matter when they will arrive at the station.
It is still unknown how the accident happended.
It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.
It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.
七、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句
與that不同的是,what除了可以引導(dǎo)主語從句起連接作用外,還同時在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。如:
作主語:What really matters is that she needs a shower at once.
(真正重要的是,她得馬上沖個澡。)
作賓語:What I am worried about is their taking my son to France.
(我擔(dān)心的是他們要把我兒子帶到法國去。)
有的時候,whatever也可以用來連接主語從句。如:
Whatever you do makes no difference to me. (你做什么對我來說都沒區(qū)別。)
需要注意的是,當(dāng)what或whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時,一般不能改為由形式主語it來引導(dǎo)的句子。
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句3
一、重要語法:賓語從句
1、賓語從句
本課側(cè)重的是由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法,主要的疑問詞有if/whether/how/why/what/when/where等。如:
I don't know when I'll finish.
My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help. I don't know what you're talking about.
二、課文主要語言點
Is that you, John? Yes, speaking. 注意打電話時的習(xí)慣用語。如果電話接通后,要找某人接電話,一般可以說:May I speak to sb.? 也可以像課文里這樣直接詢問對方是否就是你要找的人:Is that you, sb.?
如果接電話的人正是對方要找的.人,則可回答:This is sb. speaking.或者簡單回答:Speaking。原文中的speaking就是簡短回答,其完整形式為:This is John speaking.
Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening.
1)tell sb. sth.,tell為雙賓動詞,可以改為:tell sth. to sb.。但是,當(dāng)直接引語為句子時,只能用tell sb. sth.(從句)的結(jié)構(gòu)
2)be late for,遲到。
I'm afraid I don't understand. I'm
afraid后接賓語從句,省略了連接詞that。這是形容詞后接賓語從句的用法,that一般都會省略。如:I'm sure he will come here
on time tomorrow. 需要注意的是,當(dāng)I'm
afraid要翻譯成中文時,不要譯為“我恐怕”,而要譯為“恐怕”,這樣比較符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte
and me to dinner this evening.
1)Hasn't...?,反問句,一般不需要回答。 2)invite sb. to
sth.,邀請某人到某場合(如吃飯或聚會)。需要注意的是,如果邀請后面接的是動作,則采用:invite sb. to do
sth.?赏卣筰nvite的名詞invitation。
I said I would be at your house at six o'clock,
but the boss wants me to do some extra work.
1)I said I would...,可復(fù)習(xí)一下間接引語的用法。 2)be at,到達(dá),相當(dāng)于arrive at。 3)do extra
work,加班。
I'll have to stay at the office.
I don't know when I'll finish.
1)will have to,必須。 2)when引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,注意從句的語序要采用陳述句語序。
Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know
if Mary needs any help.
1)by the way,順便說一聲。
2)if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。與其他疑問詞不一樣的是,當(dāng)if或whether用來連接賓語從句時,其直接引語原句是一般疑問句,而不是特殊疑問句。比如,課文里的這句話的直接引語應(yīng)該是:Does
Mary need any help? 3)need在此用作實義動詞,直接后接名詞。可以復(fù)習(xí)一下need作為情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的用法及其區(qū)別。
I don't know what you're talking about. what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,在從句中充當(dāng)about的賓語。
That is John Smith, isn't it? Yes, I'm John Smith. 注意打電話時,指代對方時多用that
is來指代you are。
You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
That's right.
注意the engineer用作John Smith的同位語,而且用逗號隔開,起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是身為工程師的那個John Smith。
You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? No, I don't.
1)work for,在哪兒工作、為誰工作。 2)overseas,海外。注意別漏了s。
I'm John Smith the telephone engineer
and I'm repairing your telephone line.
the telephone engineer用作John Smith的同位語。用逗號隔開,朗讀時重讀,以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句4
put up 該短語較為常用的意思是“搭建;張貼”。如:
搭建:They are putting up several new buildings in that block.
(他們正在那一街區(qū)建幾幢樓房。)
張貼:The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the College notice board.
(錄取名單將公布在學(xué)院布告欄里。)
【注意】
當(dāng)put up后面跟的賓語表人時,往往表示“給某人提供住宿”。注意當(dāng)賓語是代詞時,要放在put和up中間。如:
We can put you up for the night. (我們可以招待你過夜。)
put out 該短語表示“撲滅;發(fā)表”。如:
撲滅:Far water does not put out near fire. (遠(yuǎn)水救不了近火。)
發(fā)表:The government put out a warning against flood. (政府發(fā)出了預(yù)防水災(zāi)的警告。)
put on 該短語主要表示“穿上;戴上”。如:
The man put on his smock and went out. (那人穿上罩衫,然后走了出去。)
【注意】
put on常和air連用,構(gòu)成短語put on air,表示“裝腔作勢;擺架子”,也可用作put on airs。如:
He can't stand for those who put on airs. (他不能容忍擺架子的人。)
put up with 該短語表示“容忍”,相當(dāng)于stand或bear。如:
I have no mind to put up with any nonsense. (我不想容忍任何胡言亂語。)
put down 該短語表示“鎮(zhèn) 壓;寫下”。如:
鎮(zhèn) 壓:The military were called out to put down the riot. (軍隊奉召出動去鎮(zhèn) 壓暴 動。)
寫下:Make sure that you put down every word she says. (切實要記下她說的.每一個字。)
put off 該短語主要表示“推遲”。如:
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. (今日事今日畢。)
put away 該短語主要表示“放好”。如:
This vase wasn't wiped out properly before it was put away.
(這個花瓶沒擦干凈就收起來了。)
更多相關(guān)短語
(一)put forward
該短語主要表示“提出”,后面常跟建議、計劃等。如:
These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.
這些外國人提出了一個合資企業(yè)的建議。
(二)put through
該短語主要表示“接通(電話)”,其賓語常為電話或人,而且基本都放在put和through中間。如:
I will put the call through for you now. (我馬上為您接通電話。)
(三)put in
該短語主要表示“插入”。如:
He put the key in the lock and turned it. (他把鑰匙插入鎖里轉(zhuǎn)動。)
新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句5
be made in
該短語表示“在某地制造”,介詞in后面接的是地點名詞。如:
The clavichord was made in Germany.
本句話的意思是:這架古鋼琴產(chǎn)自德國。
生活中我們經(jīng)常會說到的Made in China(中國制造),其實就是這個短語用法。原本Made in China給人的感覺就是低廉低質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品,但隨著這些年中國制造行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,相信Made in China的.內(nèi)涵已經(jīng)開始發(fā)生根本變化了!
be made of
該短語表示“由...組成”,介詞of后面接的是組成成分。需要注意的是,of后面大多接的是構(gòu)成某物的原料,而且這種原料在做成成品之后是可見的,只是經(jīng)過了物理變化處理的結(jié)果。如:
The tea pot is made of silver.
本句話的意思是:這個茶壺是銀制的。也就是說,銀是這個茶壺制作的原料,而且做成茶壺后,其原料銀是可見的。
be made from
該短語也表示“由...組成”,介詞from后面接的也是組成成分。需要注意的是,與be made
of不同,from后面接的原料,在做成成品之后往往是不可見的,是經(jīng)過了化學(xué)變化的處理的結(jié)果。如:
Glass is made from sand and lime.
本句話的意思是:玻璃是由沙和石灰制成的。也就是說,沙和石灰是玻璃制作的原料,但是做成玻璃后,其原料沙和石灰都不可見了。
be made by
該短語表示“由誰制造”,介詞by后面接的是某人。如:
This cake was made by my sister.
本句話的意思是:這個蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
be made up of
這個短語沒有在教材中提及,但因為較為常用,所以也在此一并梳理。該短語表示“由...組成”,但與be made of和be made
from不同的是,介詞of后面接的是事物的組成部分,而不是原料。如:
The group was made up of doctors.
本句話的意思是:這個團(tuán)體是由醫(yī)生組成的。該句中醫(yī)生是這個團(tuán)隊的成員,而不是成分或原料。
【新概念英語第一冊語法知識點:賓語從句】相關(guān)文章:
賓語從句英語語法解析12-21
英語定語從句語法知識10-15
新概念英語第一冊語法復(fù)習(xí):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時03-29
關(guān)于英語語法的主語從句05-14
【優(yōu)選】英語定語從句語法知識10-27
英語語法精選:不定式作賓語05-31
英語語法:同位語從句06-27
英語定語從句語法知識合集[6篇]10-23
列舉英語語法狀語從句的歸納總結(jié)07-19
初中英語語法: 狀語從句12-31