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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)傳統(tǒng)文化翻譯
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)中，翻譯常常為一大難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榉g不僅涉及到英語(yǔ)，還要考察同學(xué)對(duì)自己母語(yǔ)的掌握程度。在近年考試中，翻譯主題常常圍繞著“傳統(tǒng)文化”進(jìn)行，下面就為大家總結(jié)一些相關(guān)主題的四級(jí)翻譯預(yù)測(cè)題。
1、中國(guó)人姓名
原文：中國(guó)人的姓名通常姓(family name)在前，名(givenname)在后。中國(guó)有10多億個(gè)名字，所以人們即便在隨意場(chǎng)合也可能會(huì)連名帶姓地介紹自己，這是很尋常的。歷史上，人名的受歡迎稈度會(huì)隨著時(shí)事而變化。例如，20世紀(jì)80年代改革開(kāi)放時(shí)期，“致富”成為一個(gè)名字，因其意為“變得富有”。
參考譯文：The Name in China
In China the family name is usually in front of thegiven name. It isn’t unusual for a man to introducehimself by his family name with given name even incasual situationsbecause there are more than abillion given names. The Chinese given name has ahistory of changing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance,during the Cultural Revolution Hong (the color red) was very popular as it presentsrevolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name asit means “getting rich”.
2、太極拳
原文：太極拳(Taijiquan)是一種中國(guó)武術(shù)內(nèi)家拳(the internalstyles of Chinese martial art)。它基于以柔克剛(thesoft overcoming the hard)的原理，發(fā)端于中國(guó)古代，最開(kāi)始是一種武術(shù)和自衛(wèi)方式。隨著時(shí)間的推移，人們開(kāi)始通過(guò)練太極拳來(lái)改善健康狀況、增加福祉(well-being)。練習(xí)者用意念慢慢地、輕輕地移動(dòng)身體, 同時(shí)深呼吸，因此有時(shí)被稱為移動(dòng)冥想(meditation)。中國(guó)人通常會(huì)在清晨到附近的公園練習(xí)太極拳。
參考譯文：Taijiquan
Taijiquan is one of the internal styles of Chinesemartial art. It is based on the principle of the softovercoming the hard and originated in ancient Chinaas a martial art and a means of self-defense. Overtime, people began to exercise it to improve theirhealth and well-being. Practicers move their bodies slowly，gently and with thought whilebreathing deeply，so it is sometimes referred to as “moving meditation”.Chinese commonlypractice Taijiquan in nearby parks in early morning.
3、中醫(yī)
原文：中醫(yī)（Chinese medicine）是世界醫(yī)學(xué)的遺產(chǎn)。中醫(yī)有比西方醫(yī)學(xué) 更好的治病方法。因?yàn)橹嗅t(yī)的效果和醫(yī)治方式，在世界上中醫(yī)現(xiàn)在 越來(lái)越流行了。中醫(yī)起源于古代，巳經(jīng)發(fā)展了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，它收 集了治療不同疾病的各種方法。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)講究人們身體系統(tǒng)的平衡。這是說(shuō)，一旦人的身體系統(tǒng)平衡，疾病就會(huì)消失。身體系統(tǒng)的損害 是疾病的根源。
參考譯文：Chinese Medicine
Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.
4、送禮
原文：在中國(guó)，贈(zèng)送禮物應(yīng)考慮具體情況和場(chǎng)合。禮物常用紅色或其他喜慶的顏色(festive color)來(lái)包裝，但白色或黑色不適宜用于此。當(dāng)你將禮物遞出去時(shí)，收禮者(recipient)可能會(huì)禮貌謝絕。在情況下試著將禮物再-次送出去。通常收禮者在客人離開(kāi)之后才打開(kāi)禮物。此外，送禮還有—些禁忌(taboo)如給夫妻送傘就不合適，因?yàn)橹形睦铩皞恪迸c“散”同音。
參考譯文：Presenting Gifts
In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors. But white and black and not suitable in the packaging. When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient won’t open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word "separate" in Chinese.
5、文明
原文：現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來(lái)到中國(guó)。這些石器時(shí)代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前4000年左右，這些人開(kāi)始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年，他們開(kāi)始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國(guó)人已進(jìn)入青銅時(shí)代(Bronze Age)，并開(kāi)始用于寫字。約公元前700年，中國(guó)的金屬工人學(xué)會(huì)制作鐵器工具和武器。
參考譯文：Civilization
Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.
6、七夕節(jié)
原文：自上世紀(jì)90年代后期起，七夕節(jié)(the Double SeventhFestival )開(kāi)始被稱為“中國(guó)的情人節(jié)”。這個(gè)節(jié)日可以追溯到漢朝，當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)戀人、女孩都是個(gè)特殊的日子。 這天，女孩會(huì)舉行儀式，向織女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技藝和美滿婚姻，所以七夕節(jié)還被稱為“乞巧節(jié)(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗已經(jīng)弱化。人們現(xiàn)在把七夕節(jié)當(dāng)作浪漫的情人節(jié)來(lái)慶祝，尤其是在年輕人中間。
參考譯文：The Double Seventh Festival
The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine’s Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine’s day, particularly among young people.
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯三大技巧
1. 把中文調(diào)整成英文的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住主干，理清枝葉。
比如：反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國(guó)文明的重要特征(2014年6月四級(jí)題目)。
對(duì)于這句話的翻譯首先應(yīng)該抓住主干。
(反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的)鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是 中國(guó)文明的重要特征。
那么：Theideal rural lifestyle (reflected in the art and literature) is a greatcharacteristic in Chinese civilization.
嘗試下：巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊。
巧婦(難)為(無(wú)米之)炊
直譯：Even agood housewife cannot make meal without rice.
地道的翻譯：Evena good housewife cannot make bricks without straw.
注：有點(diǎn)和寫作一樣需要提醒，千萬(wàn)不要范太低級(jí)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，否則翻譯得再好也會(huì)降到低分區(qū)。
2. 翻譯不一定要苛求字詞，先把整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)搭好，至少讓人覺(jué)得你譯文可以基本表達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容。
比如：為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育(2014年6月四級(jí)題目)。
該句子先學(xué)會(huì)搭結(jié)構(gòu)：
In order to ______, China hasinvested 36 billion yuan to _______ and __________.
如果你不會(huì)寫義務(wù)教育，甚至教育設(shè)施也不了解，但是至少你的結(jié)構(gòu)搭出來(lái)了，那你就勉為其難地瞎編或者不寫你并不會(huì)的部分。
譯文參考：
In order to improve theequality of education, China invested 36 billion yuan to improve the countryeducation equipment and improve the education in center and west areas.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管這不是一個(gè)很贊的譯文，但是基本翻譯出了原文的大致意思，根據(jù)印象一般判為中等。
參考譯文：
In order to promote theequality in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve theeducation facilities in rural areas and enhance the rural compulsory educationin the central and western regions.
3. 學(xué)會(huì)變通翻譯。
盡管我們不主張把指南針?lè)g成GPS或者amachine always pointing to the south，但是大家還是要學(xué)會(huì)變通。
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