定語(yǔ)從句where和that
定語(yǔ)從句中,什么時(shí)候用that,什么時(shí)候用where?怎么用呢?
在定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)用that 和where的區(qū)別
1.看被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞(名詞/代詞)能不能直接和從句相連.
如果可以直接和從句其他成分相連,無(wú)須補(bǔ)上介詞,則用that/which;
如果需要額外補(bǔ)上介詞才能放在定語(yǔ)從句中,則用where.
如:This is the city (which/that I stayed in last year).
把先行詞the city放入后面的定語(yǔ)從句,為:
I stayed in (the city) last year.
the city直接做介詞in的賓語(yǔ),所以用which/that.
再如:This is the city (where I stayed last year).
把先行詞the city放入定語(yǔ)從句,需要補(bǔ)上介詞in方可,即為:
I stayed (in the city) last year.
所以使用where或in which.
2.看定語(yǔ)從句是缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)還是缺少主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ).
如果缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where;
如果只缺少主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ),則用which/that.
如:This is the city (which/that) I visited last year.
從句I visited last year中,及物動(dòng)詞visited后面缺少一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),所以用which/that;
再如:This is the city (where) I lived last year.
I lived last year中,缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in the city,所以用where或in which
situation后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that還是where
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),situation后接的'定語(yǔ)從句到底該用that, which來(lái)引導(dǎo)還是用where來(lái)引導(dǎo),主要看后面的定語(yǔ)從句的主謂賓是否完整:
1.如果定語(yǔ)從句的主謂賓是完整的(不缺主語(yǔ)也不缺賓語(yǔ)),則要用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
It is asituation wherebasic human rights are being flagrantly abused.這種情形是對(duì)基本人權(quán)的公然踐踏。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangeroussituation whereyou might lose it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險(xiǎn),那你就是將它置于一種可能會(huì)失去它的危險(xiǎn)境地。
It’s helpful to put children in asituation wherethey can see themselves differently.把孩子們放到一個(gè)能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環(huán)境中,這對(duì)于他們會(huì)有所幫助。(2009福建卷高考題)
2.如果定語(yǔ)從句的主謂賓不完整(比如缺少主語(yǔ)或者缺少賓語(yǔ)),則要用that, which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
It’s asituation thatmust be dealt with.這是必須要處理的事情。
This is asituation whichcannot be changed.這是無(wú)法改變的事實(shí)。
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