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強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別

時(shí)間:2023-11-21 11:43:44 煒亮 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是什么?大家知道嗎?以下是小編精心整理的強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。

  1:強(qiáng)調(diào)句及強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分

  首先我們來(lái)看下面這道題:

  “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”

  A. where B. which C. that D. when

  <陷阱>很可能誤選C,認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。

  <分析>假若選C,即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting,該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在大廳開(kāi)會(huì)”,單獨(dú)看這一句,無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò),但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看,則不通,因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际恰澳闶窃谀膬赫业阶蛱熳鲌?bào)告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor,則完全可以。

  其實(shí),此題的最佳答案是A,where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句,用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall,句意為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”,這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。

  定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句句式結(jié)構(gòu)用法比較:

  由it引導(dǎo)的句型結(jié)構(gòu),?蓸(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句或定語(yǔ)從句,兩者極易混淆。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果將it is/was...與連接詞去掉,句子仍然正確,就為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。這時(shí),就選用that連接詞;否則,就為定語(yǔ)從句,其關(guān)系詞的選擇,應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞與從句的關(guān)系而定。

  例1

  (1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years.

  (2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.

  比較:

  (1)該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。表示地點(diǎn)的名詞the island前有介詞與其連用,說(shuō)明它是一個(gè)完整的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如果將it is去掉:They spent 10 years on the island.它的意義仍然完整。故應(yīng)選用連接詞that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 (注:強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不可用where連接)。

  (2)該句為定語(yǔ)從句。表示地點(diǎn)的名詞the island前沒(méi)有介詞與其連用,說(shuō)明它不是一個(gè)完整的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如果將it is去掉:They spent 10 years the island.它的意義不完整。故應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞where或on which 構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

  例2

  (1) It is on the date that she went abroad.

  (2) It is the date when (on which) she went abroad.

  比較:

  (1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,在表示時(shí)間的名詞the date 前有介詞與其連用,說(shuō)明它是一個(gè)完整的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如果將it is去掉:She went abroad on the date.它的意義仍然完整。故應(yīng)選用連接詞that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不可用when連接)。

  (2) 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,在表示時(shí)間的名詞the date 前沒(méi)有介詞與其連用,說(shuō)明它不是一個(gè)完整的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如果將it is去掉:She went abroad the date.它的意義不完整。故應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞when或on which 構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

  2:名詞性從句

  什么是名詞性從句以及我們做題時(shí)的技巧:

  所謂名詞性從句包括:主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句。那他們又是什么呢?我們知道一個(gè)完整的句子了要有主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ),或者表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。所謂名詞性從句等指的就是一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主句中的某個(gè)成分,比如一個(gè)句子是由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),那這個(gè)句子就是主語(yǔ)從句。其他的以此類推。

  比如說(shuō):what he said is wrong.

  主句部分是______is wrong. 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是what he said. 所以這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。

  既然是從句那就有引導(dǎo)詞。其實(shí)我們經(jīng)常把名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句放在一起講解,因?yàn)閺囊龑?dǎo)詞的相似度到,做題選擇引導(dǎo)詞的過(guò)程中都有很大的相似度。

  我們來(lái)回憶一下定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有哪些:

  定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分兩類:

  關(guān)系代詞:that, which, who, whom, whose, as

  關(guān)系副詞:where,when, why

  我們當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)選擇引導(dǎo)詞有兩種方法:

  (1)如果從句中缺主賓表這些成分 就選關(guān)系代詞,反之根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因分別選擇。

  (2)看從句中的謂語(yǔ)是不是及物動(dòng)詞,是則選關(guān)系副詞,而且看動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞可以替換成介詞+which。

  其實(shí)這種方法也可應(yīng)用到名詞性從句。

  名稱行從句的引導(dǎo)詞分3類:

  但他們和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別是翻譯的時(shí)候要把引導(dǎo)詞的意思翻譯出來(lái)。所以我們?cè)谶x擇他們的時(shí)候還要看從句的意思是否完整。

 。1) 連接詞:that, whether, if , as if, as though

  他們?cè)趶木渲性嚥怀洚?dāng)成分的,但有補(bǔ)充從句意思的作用,其中that既不充當(dāng)成分也沒(méi)意思,只是單純的引導(dǎo)從句。

 。2) 連接代詞:what , who, whom, whose, which,以及他們對(duì)應(yīng)的-ever的形式

 。3) 連接副詞:when, where, how, why, 以及他們對(duì)應(yīng)的-ever的形式。

  技巧:如果從句中缺主賓表同位語(yǔ)成分,選擇連接代詞;反之選擇連接副詞,連接詞。

  比如: I don’t believe in what he said.

  主句I don’t believe in主句沒(méi)有完整,所以what he said是充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。He said 缺賓語(yǔ)所以選連接代詞。根據(jù)從句中的意思填what 他所說(shuō)的。符合句意。

  反之可推。

  這里簡(jiǎn)單介紹了一下什么事名詞性從句以及做題時(shí)選擇引導(dǎo)詞的一個(gè)小訣竅。

  定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法

  定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)為例)

  例: The girl behind the tree is Kate.

  The man driving too fast was a drunk.

  定語(yǔ)從句

  在英語(yǔ)中,修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。

  例: The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

  The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.

  關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 :

  首先,要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用

  who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that

  1.which指物,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省 略, 2.who指人,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略)

  3.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略,

  4.關(guān)系代詞that 指人/物,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略)

  有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which

  1.,只能用that引導(dǎo)從句.

  This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.

  The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.

  2.先行詞是all, something, nothing, anything不定代詞時(shí),只能用that.

  Here is something ( that) I will tell you.

  Not all that glitters is gold.

  3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that引出從句

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.

  4.先行詞是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修飾,用that

  Is it the one that you want ?

  We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

  5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問(wèn)詞 who或which時(shí),關(guān)系詞用that

  Which is the bike that you lost?

  Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

  從例句中看出,who、that在許多情況下可以通用,但有時(shí)宜用用who,而不用that

  1.先行詞是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those時(shí),關(guān)系詞使用who

  Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

  One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.

  2.在there be 句型中,先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who

  There is an old man who wants to see you.

  There are many young men who are against him.

  關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的,它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,具有3種作用。

  在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語(yǔ) 連接作用,把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句 關(guān)系副詞有三種:

  where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn). ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。(on / in…which)=that why: 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),指代原因 =that

  關(guān)系副詞的用法:

  1.where 的用法:(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞)

  The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel

  =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean

  =The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.

  =The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean

  =The hotel 關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasn’t clean

  2.when的用法: (先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞)

  I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語(yǔ)) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.

  3.why的用法: ( 表示原因的名詞) s to invite you to a party

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別

  1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句的比較

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was…that同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立;而主語(yǔ)從句將that與后面部分代替it,成立。如:

  (1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見(jiàn)到的就是李蕾的兄弟。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立,因此前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

  (2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤,因此,前面句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是主語(yǔ)從句。

  2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的比較

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,It be與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語(yǔ)從句中的It是主語(yǔ),It be與that不可同時(shí)省略;

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)相一致;而定語(yǔ)從句中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定;

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí),也不能將that換成which;而定語(yǔ)從句中的that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可被省略,并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替。

  ◎當(dāng)it be后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如:

  (1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書(shū)。(本句是對(duì)What is that?問(wèn)句的回答,that所引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,that可被省略)

  It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣的就是這本書(shū)。(本句相當(dāng)于對(duì)I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))

  (2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過(guò)去常在開(kāi)會(huì)的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)前面的room進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,它是定語(yǔ)從句)

  It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過(guò)去我們開(kāi)會(huì)就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

  (3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)a day進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,是定語(yǔ)從句)

  It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)

  3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句的比較

  ◎狀語(yǔ)從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語(yǔ);而強(qiáng)調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。

  ◎狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉(from)。

  ◎狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如:

  (1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書(shū),我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句)

  It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書(shū)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)such an interesting book)

  (比較:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。定語(yǔ)從句)

  (2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí),已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時(shí)間主從復(fù)合句)

  It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來(lái)了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the next morning)

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