高考定語從句考點(diǎn)分析
定語從句是英語語法中重要的知識點(diǎn)之一,是高考必考的知識點(diǎn),分享了高考定語從句考點(diǎn)給大家閱讀!
考點(diǎn)一:that的用法
關(guān)系代詞that既可指人又可指物,除了做定語(用whose)以外,其他的功能都可用that。但命題角度主要考查that和which的區(qū)別,which只能指物,以及只用that的用法如不定代詞,先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞等時(shí)。
1. Do you have anything in mind_____you’d like for supper?
——Well,_____is OK with me.
A.that anything B which everything C what whatever D where something
2. The wrong you’vedone him is terrible, for_____ you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D. that
考點(diǎn)二:非限制性定語從句中的which
在非限制性定語從句中,which既起連接的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的.句子成分(主語、賓語或表語);放在主句之后,指代整個(gè)主句或主句中的部分內(nèi)容。
1. Myfriend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.(09全國卷II)
A. which B.that C. where D. it
2. TheScience Museum, _______we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one ofLondon’s tourist attractions. (08江蘇)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
考點(diǎn)三:關(guān)系副詞(尤其是where)
關(guān)系副詞where,when在定語從句中既起連接作用,同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,分別表地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間。選用關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是要求正確分析從句主干結(jié)構(gòu),選詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義。
1. It’shelpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselvesdifferently. (09福建)
A. that B. when C. which D.where
2. Theywill fly to Washington, _______ they plan to stay for two or three days.(08重慶)
A. where B.there C. which D. when
考點(diǎn)四:關(guān)系代詞whose
whose在定語從句中充當(dāng)名詞的定語,構(gòu)成“whose + 名詞”的形式;既可以表示某人的,又可以表示某物的。其最顯著的特點(diǎn)是空格后的名詞缺少限定詞。
1. Aperson ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.(09天津)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
2. Lookout! Don’t get too close to the house_______roof is under repair. (06福建)
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
考點(diǎn)五:介詞 + which或whom
1. Guncontrol is a subject _______Americans have argued for a long time. (09陜西)
A. ofwhich B. with which C. about which D. into which
2. Bynine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _______ appeared a rare rainbowsoon.(08福建)
A. ofwhich B. on which C. from which D. above which
答案解析
考點(diǎn)一:that的用法
1. 選A 第一空引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾不定代詞anything,關(guān)系代詞要用that,第二空引導(dǎo)名詞性從句——主語從句引導(dǎo)詞在句子中作主語,故用whatever
2. 選B 此處考查非限制性定語從句,介詞加關(guān)系代詞的用法,此處表原因用for which=why, (in which=where, on which= when)
考點(diǎn)二:非限制性定語從句中的which
1. 解析:本題考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的用法,選項(xiàng)中只有which可指代前面一個(gè)句子,并引導(dǎo)從句;it雖然可代替前面句子,但不能起連接的作用,故答案為A。
2. 解析:引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),which在從句中可以作賓語,指代主句的主語“The Science Museum”,而where只能作狀語。故答案為A。
考點(diǎn)三:關(guān)系副詞(尤其是where)
1. 解析:由于從句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只能選用狀語,由先行詞a situation可知,應(yīng)選用作地點(diǎn)狀語的where引導(dǎo)定語從句。故答案為D。
2. 解析:首先排除地點(diǎn)副詞there;there不能引導(dǎo)從句,如果用there,后半句要改為and they plan to stay therefor two or three days。由先行詞“Washington”可知從句的關(guān)系詞表地點(diǎn),并且stay缺少狀語,所以應(yīng)該用where連接主從句。故答案為A。
【從以上高考試題可以看出對于where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞既可是明確的地點(diǎn),也可是“模糊化的地點(diǎn)”。如表示某人 / 物的situation,或某事所發(fā)展的stage都可用where這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞!
考點(diǎn)四:關(guān)系代詞whose
1. 解析:who和whom只可做定語從句的主語或賓語;whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;而A person作定語從句的先行詞,從句中作主語的e-mail account缺少限定詞,whose可充當(dāng)名詞的定語。故答案為C。
2. 解析:定語從句中作主語的roof缺少限定詞,即定語,選擇whose充當(dāng)定語。而of which在這里無法與the roof搭配。故答案為A。
【在定語從句中,對于事物的所屬關(guān)系,可以使用以下三種形式:whose + 名詞,the + 名詞 + ofwhich 或of which the + 名詞!
考點(diǎn)五:介詞 + which或whom
1. 解析:該題從句謂語argued與介詞about搭配表達(dá)“爭論某事”,故答案為C。
2. 解析:此定語從句的先行詞是thetop,從句的正常語序應(yīng)該是:“A rare rainbow soon appeared ______ the top ofMount Qomolangma”。顯然應(yīng)該填上“above”,表示山頂上。所以用above which連接主從句。故答案為D。
【從以上句子可以看出,“介詞+which / whom +定語從句”這一考點(diǎn),既考查學(xué)生的定語從句知識,又可考查學(xué)生對動詞短語的掌握。解此類題的關(guān)鍵是把先行詞代入相關(guān)定語從句中,根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配或與先行詞的關(guān)系、或由句子表達(dá)的整體句意來確定!
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