二用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語謂語賓語，練習(xí)分析下列句子成分在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種，初高中英語銜接系列講與練之二，一句子的主要成份與次要成份，例如主語定語修飾主語系動詞表語狀語主語謂語
高中句子成分分析練習(xí)
句子成分分析Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearestudents.
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.
Theweatherhasturnedcold.
Thespeechisexciting.
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
HisjobistoteachEnglish.
Hishobbyisplayingfootball.
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.
Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.
Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
Hepretendednottoseeme.
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.
Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
HisfathernamedhimDongming.
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
Letthefreshairin.（副詞）
1
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
Wesawherenteringtheroom.
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
Guilinisabeautifulcity.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
Lighttravelsmostquickly.
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
Iamtallerthanheis.
練習(xí)
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（＝）、謂語（—）、賓語（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfrom
dawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowater2
thevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語【】、補語{}：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、分析文章各句的句子成分：
HumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarcheologists(考古學(xué)家)says.Inaletteraddressedtothejusticesecretary,KenClarke,40archaeologistswriteoftheir“deepandwidespreadconcern”abouttheissue.ItcentersonthelawintroducedbytheMinistryofJusticein2016whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardleoftheirage.Thedecisionmeansscientistshavetoolittletimetostudybonesandotherhumanremainsofnationalandculturalsignificance.
“Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorafurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,”theywrite.
Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2016thatdatebackto3,000BC.Archaeologistshavebeengrantedatemporaryextensiontogivethemmoretime,buteventuallytheboneswillhavetobereturnedtotheground.
ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.Ifhuman
remainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetobereburiedandeffectivelydestroyed.
Before2016,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.TheMinistryofJusticeassuredarchaeologiststwoyearsagothatthelawwastemporary,buthassofarfailedtoreviseit.
MikeParkerPearson,anarchaeologistatSheffieldUniversity,said:“Archaeologistshavebeenextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievetheministrywassortingoutthisproblem,butwefeelthatwecannotwaitanylonger.”
Theministryhasnoguidelinesonwhereorhowremainsshouldbereburied,oronwhatrecordsshouldbekept.
3
劃分句子成分劃分英語句子成分經(jīng)典練習(xí)(適合初中、高中各年級)
劃分句子成分經(jīng)典練習(xí)
練習(xí)1.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。
1）Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
2）Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
3）Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
4）Wherehewasburiedremainedunknown.
5）Whathesaidprovedtrue.
6）Wemustkeepquiet.
7）Theshopstayedopenuntileleven.
8）Sheappearedyoungerthanshereallywas.
9）Hisfacewentred.
10）Hefellilllastweek.
11）ThecakeIateyesterdaytastesdelicious.
從上面我們可以看出，常見的系動詞有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它們下面一般跟________詞作表語。
練習(xí)2.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種�？谧g，體會it的替代性用法。
1）Itisveryplaintomethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.
2）ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan
internationallanguage.
3）Itworriedherabitthanherhairwasturninggrey.
4）ThechairmanthoughtitnecessarytoinviteProfessor
Smithtospeakatthemeeting.
5）Shemadeitherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’s
affairesinthattown.
6）Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguage
withoutmuchmemorywork.
7）Hemadeitknowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twantto
enterpolitics.
8）Ileaveittoyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.從上面我們可以看出，作形式主語和賓語一般用代詞______,真正的主語或賓語通常是________或__________，放在下面。
練習(xí)3.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種�？谧g，留意定語是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)，并留意定語的位置。
1）Comradesinhergroupoftenhelpherwithgrammar.
2）Thewomenontheleftaremakingshirtsfortheneighbors.
3）TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.
4)Afterthethirdperiodthereisalongbreakforrestandexercise.
5)Anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheisreallylikea
rope.
6)PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
7)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisbrother.
8)Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
9)Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
10)Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
11)Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.
12)It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollars.
13)It’sacityfarfromthecoast.
14)Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.
15)Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.
16)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
17)Thereislittletimeleft.
18）Therewerefewpeoplepresentatthemeeting.
19)OncetherelivedakingwhosenamewasMidas.
20)ThefilmwewaslastnightwasabouttheWarofLiberation.
21)Thehousethatstandsatthefootofthehillisarest-homefortheworkers.
22)Hetoldusastory,whichmovedmanyofustotears.
23)ThefirstthingIdrugupwasapieceofwhitecloth.
24)Thenthegreatdaycamewhenhewasapieceofwhitecloth.從上面我們可以看出______、________、__________和
_______作定語時常后置。
練習(xí)4.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一個。
1)Whathesaidwastrue.
2)Wemustdowhatthepartytoldustodo.
3)Thatiswhatinterestedhermost.
4)Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.
5)Whoeversmokesherewillbepunished.
練習(xí)5.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種�？谧g，并說明是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。
1）Ihopetoseehimassoonaspossible.
2）Hewouldn’tmindbeingleftalone.
3）Weareconsideringmakinganewplan.
4）Itjustmissedbeingcaught.
5）Sheadmittedhavingtakenthekey.
6）MymotherregrettedmissingalecturegivenbyProfessor
Liu.
7）Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.
8）Istoppedtotakeabreak.
9）Shetriedlivingalone.
10）Theseyoungtreesrequiredlookingaftercarefully.
11）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanhour.
12）Imeanttohavecalledyou.
13）Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthantofinish
quickly.
14）Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.
15）Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharm
toone’sskin.
從上面我們可以看出，動詞原形不能做主語、賓語，要變?yōu)開_____或______之后才能作主語和賓語。
練習(xí)6.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種�？谧g，體會賓語與賓補之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并指出賓補(賓語補足語)是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。
1）Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
2）Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
3）Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
4）Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
5）Theypushedthedooropen.
6）ThensuddenlyIsawamanlyingontheground.
7）Hishungerhadmadehimforgetarmydiscipline.
8）Theoldmanaskedustositdown.
9）IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
10）TheysawLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjust
now.
11）Henoticedamanentertheroom.
12）Thedirectorhadherassistantpickupsomehotdogs.
13）Iwillhavemywatchrepairedtomorrow.
14）Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalled.
15）Byspeakingslowly,hemadehimselfunderstood.
16）Wewantthesetreesplantedsoon.
17）I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.
18）Heleftmewaitingthere.
19）Ileftthebaglyingontheground.
20）Ican’tgetmycarrunningoncoldmorning.
我們可以看出，非謂語做賓語補足語時，如果賓補與賓語之間是主動關(guān)系，常用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式做賓補，如果賓補和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，則用______________做賓補。
練習(xí)7.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于5種基本句型中的哪一種。
1）IwillbringyouthebookwhenIcomenexttime.
2)Heaskedtherulerwhyonlythefourrichmenblewtrumpets.
3)Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
4)Sheshowedusmanyofherpictures.
5)Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynexttime.
我們可以看出，一些動詞下面可以跟兩個賓語，一個表示人，叫做__________賓語，一個表示物__________賓語。
練習(xí)8.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種�？谧g，說出是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，并體會定語和所修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
1）Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairingin
ourcity.
2）Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstof
light.
3）Therearemanyclothestobewashed.
4）Thereweremanyhousesburnedinthefire.
5）Thebellindicatingtheendoftheperiodrang,
interruptingourheateddiscussion.
6）Tigersbelongingtomeat-eatinganimalsfeedonmeat.
7）AboycallinghimselfJohnwantedtoseeyou.
8）Hepickedupawalletlyingonthegroundontheway
backhome.
9）Haven’tyouseenthesignreading“NOPHOTO”?
10）ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthosein
Germany.
11）Mostofthesingersinvitedtothepartywerefrom
America.
12）Withthegovernment’said,thoseaffectedby
earthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.
我們可以看出，非謂語作定語時，如果和所修飾詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，用__________;如果和所修飾詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用________:如果表將來，多用__________.
練習(xí)9.分析下列句子成分，在下面標(biāo)明屬于5種基本句型的哪一種�？谧g，說出是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，并體會狀語和句子主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
1)Tokilltheboringtime,Ibegantoreadabook.
2)Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.
3)Holdinghisheadhigh,themangerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting.
4)Hesattheredoingnothing.
5)Marysaidpointingtothenotice.
6)Hesentmeane-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.
7)Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbytwostudents.
8)Hesatontheplatform,preparedtoanswerthequestion.
9)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(SV,現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，主動關(guān)系)
10)Tastingwonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.
11)Drivenbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.
12)Builthundredsyearsago,thetemplelookedold.
我們可以看出，非謂語作狀語時，如果和句子主語構(gòu)
成主動關(guān)系，用＿＿＿＿；如果和句子主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用＿＿＿＿；如果表目的，多用＿＿＿＿
高中英語學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)必備———句子成分分析
初高中英語銜接系列講與練之二
簡單句的句子成份分析(主語、謂語、賓語、定語)
句子的基本成份分析是高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備。不會分析句子成份，高中階段的主要語法的學(xué)習(xí)如定語從句、名詞性從句、非謂語等就會顯得十分困難。
一．句子的主要成份與次要成份
[講解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子的主要成份由主語和謂語部分部分組成。句子的次要成分有賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補語、同位語等。其中，補語與同位語在高中階段較常見。例如：(主語)(定語修飾主語)(系動詞)(表語)(狀語)(主語)(謂語)(賓語)(補語)(狀語)
[練習(xí)]在括號內(nèi)寫出以下句子劃線部分的基本成份（）()()()（）()()()（）()()()（）()()
二、主語及充當(dāng)主語的詞性、形式、短語或句子
[講解]主語是句子的主體，是謂語陳述或說明的對象。正常語序的句子的主語在謂語動詞前面或系動詞前面。充當(dāng)主語的詞性有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等。這一點我們在初中階段較為熟悉。例如：主語由名詞deer來充當(dāng))主語由代詞everything來充當(dāng))主語由數(shù)詞99來充當(dāng))
以下充當(dāng)主語的情況在高中階段較為常見。他們是：不定式、動名詞等形式充當(dāng)主語，動名詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語充當(dāng)主語以及充當(dāng)主語從句充當(dāng)主語。例如：主語由不定式tosay來充當(dāng))主語由不定式短語tohostaparty來充當(dāng))’shealth.(主語由動名詞swimming來充當(dāng))主語由動名詞短語Walkinghispetdogeveryday來充當(dāng))主語由whathesaid這一主語從句來充當(dāng))
[練習(xí)]在以下句子的主語部分加下劃線并在括號內(nèi)寫出充當(dāng)主語的詞性、形式、短語或句子。
You,heandIareallseniorschoolstudents.()
NothingismoreimportantthanEQ.()
Tolearnaforeignlanguagecallsforpatiences.()
Beinghonestwillpay.()
Wherehismotherwillgoisasecret.()
三、謂語以及充當(dāng)謂語的動詞
[講解]謂語說明主語的的動作、行為、特征或狀態(tài)，謂語動詞說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語動詞有不及物動詞、系動詞和及物動詞三大類。謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)等信息，除了一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的主被動形式外，謂語動詞往往由下列詞語中的兩個或兩個以上依序排列構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+時態(tài)助動詞+語態(tài)助動詞+主要動詞。例如：作謂語，系動詞)（work作謂語，不及物動詞）
（told作謂語，及物動詞）作謂語)作謂語)（willhavebeenplanted作謂語）
[練習(xí)]將以下句子的謂語動詞部分劃線
1.2.3.4.5.Theoldladykeepshealthybytakingexerciseeveryday.Ouroldbookshavebeensoldoutalready.Doeshegotoworkateight?Areyouwatchingfootballgamesnow?YoushallbeboughtanewMP4playernextmonth.
四、賓語及充當(dāng)賓語的詞性、形式、短語或句子
[講解]賓語表示行為的對象。賓語放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。充當(dāng)賓語的詞性有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、不定式短語、動名詞短語、賓語從句充當(dāng)主語。例如：名詞作賓語)代詞作賓語)（數(shù)詞作賓語）（不定式作賓語）（動名詞作賓語）（不定式短語作賓語）（動名詞短語作賓語）（賓語從句作賓語）
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語提示將以下句子的賓語譯成英語。
1.Ilikemynew________(學(xué)校)andmy__________(同學(xué)).
2.Mybagisredwhile______(你的)isbrown.
3.Doyouwant________________________（休息一下）？
4.Let’sstop______(工作)andgooutforachange.
5.Canyouunderstand__________________(我所說的話)justnow?
五、定語及充當(dāng)定語的詞性、形式、短語或句子
定語用來修飾或限制名詞或代詞�？捎米鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞所有格、分詞、動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語及從句等。例如：
（1）名詞作定語：Abookcover,acoffeecup,atableleg,amountainplant
（2）形容詞(短語)作定語:anattractivesight,peoplealive,
（3）副詞(短語)作定語:Thestudentshereworkhard.Thebookoverthereishis.
（4）介詞短語作定語:Thepencil-bosonthedeskismine.
（5）動名詞、分詞（短語）定語:Heisawalkingdictionary
（6）不定式（短語）:Isthereanythingtoeat?
（7）定語從句:Thebookcasethatwasboughtyesterdayischeap.
[練習(xí)]將下列句中作定語的部分劃線.
1.Ineedabookcover.
2.Johnisahandsomestar.
3.Thetreesovertheregrowgreen.
4.Thebooksinmyschoolbagarereadable.
5.ThecrowdswaitingforYangLiweicheeredup.
6.I’dliketointroduceabookcalledAWomaninWhitetoyou.
7.Thecomputertoberepairedisonthedesk.
8.Doyouknowthedatewhenhewasborn?
(待續(xù))
練習(xí)參考答案
一．[練習(xí)]在括號內(nèi)寫出以下句子劃線部分的基本成份
1.（主語）(系動詞)(表語)(定語)
2.（主語）(謂語)(賓語)(補語)
3.（定語）(主語)(謂語)(定語)（定語）(賓語)(狀語)
二、[練習(xí)]在以下句子的主語部分加下劃線并在括號內(nèi)寫出充當(dāng)主語的詞性、形式、短語或句子。代詞)代詞)不定式短語)動名詞短語)主語從句)
三、[練習(xí)]將以下句子的謂語動詞部分劃線四、[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語提示將以下句子的賓語譯成英語。
1.school, http://emrowgh.com
五、[練習(xí)]將下列句中作定語的部分劃線.6.I’
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初高中英語銜接系列講與練之二（續(xù)）
簡單句的句子成份分析(狀語、補語、補語、同位語)