問什么是句子成分英語句子包含哪些成分,常用的連系動(dòng)詞有聽起來嘗起來等,賓語是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,定語用于修飾名詞或代詞一般由形容詞名詞數(shù)詞不定式等充當(dāng)。
初中英語句子成分分析練習(xí)
句子成分分析
一.指出下列句中主語
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
二.選出句中謂語的中心詞
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③ http://emrowgh.com uallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤ http://emrowgh.com insC.have
breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.do
homework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.you
三.挑出下列句中的賓語(若有直賓和間賓請(qǐng)標(biāo)出)
①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABC
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABC
④Mymomgivesme5yuan.
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABC
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
ABCD
四挑出下列句中的表語
①Theoldmanisfeelingveryhappy.
ABC
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABC
③Theleavesturnyellow.
ABC
五.挑出下列句中的定語
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
ABC
②Whatisyourgivenname?
ABC
③OnthethirdfloorareCla1andCla3.
ABC
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
ABCD.D.isD.his
六.挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
ABC
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
ABC
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
ABC
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
ABC
⑤IseeMr.Wanggetonthebus.
七.首字母填空:要求首先判斷句子成分后,再判斷詞性,再來填寫單詞。
nameisReiko.Sheisa13yearsold.IlikeReikoverymuch.ButIdon’tknowJapanese,andReikodoesn’Chinese,either.Weonthephone.Myfavoritesubjectcomedies,playingvolleyballandeatinghamburgersbest.
andtransform(變)afingerringintoanintact(未觸動(dòng)的)egg,underthecloseandwatchfuleyesofthestudioaudience(觀眾),leavingtensofthousandsofviewersmesmerized(被吸引的)byhisshowmanship.Thisisoneofthegreatestperformancesatthemagic(魔術(shù))intoafad(時(shí)尚)amongChinese.Manypeople,includingworkers,engineersandmanyteenagers,becomeveryinmagic.Theytolearnitbyormuchmoneyfortheirtrainingclassestolearnit.“I’mhappytoseethisenthusiasm(熱情),saysLiuQian,whoshowedthemagicatthegala,“Magichasneverbeenassociallyacceptable(接受的)asinChinanow.”LiuQiancomesfromTaiwan.HewasbornonJune25th,1976.Heisacharmingmagicianstarwithcool,shortsmanyplacesintheworld,showshismagicandwinsmanykindsofrewards(獎(jiǎng))ofmagic.HeisconsideredasChina’sforemostmagicianofclose-upmagic.Healsokeepshisaudiencetransfixedwithhisfitandnever-endingjokes.
初中英語句子成分分析及練習(xí)
初中英語句子成份
英語句子與漢語句子一樣,都是由單詞按照一定的規(guī)則所組成的。不同的詞類在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同詞類在句中可充當(dāng)哪些成分,才能正確分析、理解句子的含義,并能準(zhǔn)確地遣詞造句。
【問】什么是句子成分?英語句子包含哪些成分?
【答】組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。
【問】各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語充當(dāng)?
1.主語:是句子要說明的人或事物,是句子的主體,一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如:
Thecarisrunningfast./ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.(名詞)Wearestudents./Thisismypen./Yoursisonthedesk.(代詞)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai./Twoandthreeisfive.(數(shù)詞)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyou.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。
2.謂語:說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也是句子的主體部分,一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語,連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語,助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如:
由單一動(dòng)詞作謂語:WeareChinese./Hehasabike.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加主要?jiǎng)釉~:Wecanplaythepiano./Youmustseethedoctor.助動(dòng)詞加主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語:Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.
【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
3.表語:用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受,一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞-ing等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有:be,look,get,sound(聽起來),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(嘗起來)等。如:
Theyareworkers.(名詞)
Twoandthreeisfive.(數(shù)詞)
Thestoryisinteresting.(形容詞)
Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(動(dòng)名詞)
Sheisathome.(介詞短語)
Ifeelterrible.(形容詞)
Heishere(副詞)
It’sgettingdark./Hegotveryangry./(形容詞)
4.賓語:是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如:
Heisdoinghishomework./Isawaplanejustnow.(名詞)
Theydidnothingthismorning./Imethimonmywayhome.(代詞)
Iwantthree./Pleasepamethefirst.(數(shù)詞)
Shewantstogohome.(不定式)
Weenjoyplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】①有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語,間接賓語指人,直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell等。如:
Heboughtmeabook./Pametheball.(間賓+直賓)
直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后,但若把直接賓語放在前面,則要在間接賓語前加
適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或for等。如:
HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直賓+間賓)
XiaoLiuboughtabookforTom.(直賓+間賓)
②有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語,而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有:want,wish,hope,
promise,decide,agree,choose等。如:
Ihopetoseeyouagain.
③有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有:enjoy,finish,
mind,practice,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
④有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。
a)forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。
如:
Don'tforgettocomeheretomorrow.(還沒來)
Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)
b)stoptodo(不定式為狀語)表示“停下原來的事,去做另一件事”,
stopdoing表示“停止正在做的事”。如:
Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下來與他談話。)
Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.(老師進(jìn)來時(shí)學(xué)生們停止談話。)
注意:英語中帶有賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞,不帶賓語的叫不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)
詞后必須跟上賓語意義才完整,不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義已完整,后面不跟賓語。Youmayusemypen./Doyoulikefish?(及物)
Dickswimsverywell./Thesunrisesintheeast.(不及物)
不及物動(dòng)詞可加介詞再加賓語
Wearelisteningtothemusic.
Theyaretalkingtoeachother.
5.直接賓語與間接賓語。
有些及物動(dòng)詞可帶有兩個(gè)賓語,其中一個(gè)指物(直接賓語),另一個(gè)指人(間接賓語)。
我們稱為雙賓語。
動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)
Helentmeabook./Heboughtmeapen./IhavetaughtmyselfEnglishfortenyears.
動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(物)+(to,for)+間接賓語(人)
Hegavehissonsomeadvice.=Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.
Fatherboughtmeacomputer.=Fatherboughtacomputerforme.
6.定語:用于修飾名詞或代詞,一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如:
Theyhaveacleverson.(形容詞)
Sheisachemistryteacher.(名詞)
Therearetwostudentsintheroom.(數(shù)詞)
Thissongisbetterthanthatone.(代詞)
Doyouknowthemanoverthere?(副詞)
Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)
Themaninblueismybrother.(介詞短語)
【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前,但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語,
則放在后面。
7.狀語:用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前,短語或從句放在句首或句末。如:
Thankyouverymuch.(副詞表示程度)
Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.(副詞表示方式)
Heusuallygetsupatsix.(副詞表示時(shí)間)
Weworkhere.(副詞表示地點(diǎn))
Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介詞短語表示時(shí)間)
Heisstudyinghardtocatchupwithothers.(不定式短語)
Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(從句)
【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如:
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
8.賓語補(bǔ)足語:用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語之后,賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等!百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如:
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)
IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell./Thesunkeepsuswarm./Wefindthestoryinteresting.(形容詞)
Ifoundherintheroom.(介詞短語)
Pleaselethimin.(副詞)
Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短語)
Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(過去分詞)
Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
英語五種基本句型列式如下:
一:SV(主+謂)
二:SVP(主+系+表)
三:SVO(主+謂+賓)
四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
初中英語句子成分練習(xí)寫出下列句子成分
初中英語句子成分練習(xí)寫出下列句子成分23.Jim’.33.’59.Theboyisn’
1
37.Look!2
Keystotheanswers:
1-13主14-17謂18-23表24-33賓34-40雙賓41-52定53-60狀61-70賓補(bǔ)
1.謂2.賓3.定4.表5.狀6.賓7.謂8.狀9.補(bǔ)10.間賓11.狀12.主13.表14.狀15.補(bǔ)16.定17.狀18.定19.直賓20.謂21.主22.直賓23.表24.表25.狀26.補(bǔ)27.定28.賓29.主30.謂31.定32.表33.主34.補(bǔ)35.狀36.謂37.定38.主39.謂40.直賓41.謂42.賓43.主
3