萬圣節(jié)的由來 英文
萬圣節(jié)的由來--中英雙語/r/n
羅伯特·布里奇 Robert Bridges - A School Portrait/r/n
我已有多年未訪問伊頓公學(xué);當有一天從Fellow’s Library [1] 經(jīng)過進入陳列室時，我看到我的校友Digby Dolben [2] 的肖像與我們這個時代最卓越的人的肖像掛在了一起。我完全被吸引住了，而當我駐足凝視它時，我的同伴問我是否知道他是誰。我想，除了幾個我記得起名字的人之外，我?guī)缀跻欢ㄊ俏ㄒ恢赖娜肆�。少年時代的遙遠記憶就像才發(fā)生一樣向我簇擁而來：他又一次站在我身旁，年輕、躊躇滿志;我仿佛能聽到他的聲音，他一點也沒變;然而，當我被關(guān)于他的時間之霧包圍時，我好奇他會怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的這一刻，他的記憶會因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在這所名校中，在他微妙的靈魂一度被奇怪地困擾的地方。/r/n
這個老伊頓學(xué)生肖像的陳列館中掛出的肖像是經(jīng)過精挑細選的：出身顯赫、品格高貴可以為你在那贏得一個席位，或者在畢業(yè)后與學(xué)校有官方上的聯(lián)系——他們熱衷于維持師生之間不變的全景畫，熱衷于讓那些與繼承學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的面貌形象有關(guān)的校史記錄保持鮮活。但，Dolben的肖像為什么會在那呢?因為他是一個詩人?——這我知道，但他的詩歌鮮為人知，都被家人和少數(shù)幾個朋友小心翼翼地保存了起來。即使這些數(shù)量稀少的作品能入得了負責(zé)挑選肖像的權(quán)威人士的法眼，也并不足以讓他名列其中。還有另外一個原因，肖像就是一種證明的效力，或許你無法看出他是詩人，但你卻可以看到圣人的特質(zhì)：靈魂沉浸于深思、純潔無暇、對崇高理想滿懷熱情與獻身精神。這樣的特征一定使他在同齡人中出類拔萃;他的生活經(jīng)歷足以讓我們相信他是一位天賦秉異的才人。而當他的英年早逝洗凈了記憶的塵埃并喚醒了世人的愛慕之時，吝愛的悲憫將會慷慨的賦予他未曾擁有的桂冠。/r/n
注：/r/n
[1] Fellow’s Library位于劍橋大學(xué)耶穌學(xué)院，建于1676-77 年。/r/n
[2] Digby Dolben，羅伯特·布里奇的堂兄弟，英國詩人，于1867年6月28日溺水而卒。 Robert Bridges 譯文賞析：/r/n
1、原文：“Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again/r/n
beside me in the eager promise of his youth。”/r/n
譯文：“少年時代的遙遠記憶就像才發(fā)生一樣向我簇擁而來：他又一次站在我身旁，年輕、躊躇滿志�！�/r/n
這句翻譯的很好。首先，作者把 ”freshly“ 譯為”像才發(fā)生一樣“，而我認為這一點比劉士聰先生譯為”鮮活地涌進“更為合理。在漢語里用“鮮活地”顯得很奇怪，因為“鮮活地”修飾后面的動作“涌進”，涌進不能說是“鮮活”，只能說是“迅速地”或者“大量地”。其次，”in the eager promise of his youth”譯為“年輕、躊躇滿志”也很巧妙。譯者并沒有死板得按照英文的語法順序，而事實上這樣做也根本行不通。把 ”youth” 譯為漢語中的“年輕”，名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，而“eager promise”在理解意義的基礎(chǔ)上找出對應(yīng)的漢語四字結(jié)構(gòu)，既語義準確，又沒有丟掉英文的文筆。劉士聰先生譯為“煥發(fā)著青春的風(fēng)采”，顯得有些平淡無味。/r/n
2、原文：while I, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled./r/n
譯文：然而，當我被關(guān)于他的時間之霧包圍時，我好奇他會怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的這一刻，他的記憶會因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在這所名校中，在他微妙的靈魂一度被奇怪地困擾的地方。/r/n
我認為這部分翻譯的有失妥當，可以參照劉士聰先生譯文：“同時我在尋思著，因為與他之間相隔一段宛若迷霧的年月，假如他知道在這一時刻他已經(jīng)死了三十年，他可愛的母校在以這樣的方式紀念他，給他這樣高的榮譽，而他上學(xué)時，他脆弱的心靈曾經(jīng)莫名其妙地?zé)⿶肋^，他會作怎樣的感想呢?”/r/n
試譯：而我與他相隔迷霧般縈繞的時間，尋思如果他知道此時他已逝世三十年，并被他所深愛的母�！拇嗳蹯`魂曾感受無端困惑的地方——緬懷和敬仰，他會怎么想。/r/n
3、原文：which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions./r/n
譯文：他們熱衷于維持師生之間不變的全景畫，熱衷于讓那些與繼承學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的面貌形象有關(guān)的校史記錄保持鮮活。/r/n
這一句話譯者自己也沒有理解原文意思，所以翻譯出來就更加抽象難懂�？梢詤⒄談⑹柯斪g文：“而校方也希望完整地再現(xiàn)教師隊伍的全貌，使那些保持了學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)的名人形象構(gòu)成的校史有生氣�！�/r/n
【相關(guān)文章】The History Halloween 萬圣節(jié)的神秘起源/r/n
Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originallya paganholiday, honoring the dead. Halloween was referred to as All Hallows Eve and dates back to over 2000 years ago. 10月31日是萬圣節(jié)，這也是凱爾特歷的最后一天。萬圣節(jié)起初是一個異教徒的節(jié)日，紀念死去的人。萬圣節(jié)源于圣徒日前夜，始于2000多年前。 All Hallows Eve is the evening before All Saints Day, which was created by Christians to convertpagans, and is celebrated on November 1st. The Catholic church honored saints on this designated day./r/n
圣徒日前夜是圣徒日的前一天晚上，圣徒日在11月1日，是基-督徒開創(chuàng)的節(jié)日，用來勸說異教徒皈依基-督，天主教堂在這一天紀念圣徒們。/r/n
The Origin of Halloween/r/n
萬圣節(jié)的起源/r/n
While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistentby all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same./r/n
盡管關(guān)于萬圣節(jié)的起源和舊俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待萬圣節(jié)總是有點不同，但是傳統(tǒng)的萬圣節(jié)做的事情都是一樣的。/r/n
Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic/r/n
culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feastof Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead./r/n
萬圣節(jié)文化可以追溯到德魯伊教，這是一種愛爾蘭、北歐和英國的凱爾特文化，根植于Samhain節(jié)的慶�；顒樱琒amhain節(jié)于每年的10月31日紀念逝者。/r/n
Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the/r/n
Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition./r/n
Samhain節(jié)說明夏天結(jié)束或者十一月，是一個豐收的節(jié)日。在Samhain節(jié)會燃起神圣巨大的篝火，標志著凱爾特一年的結(jié)束和新一年的開始。一些做法因為迷信被加入慶�；顒又小�/r/n
The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night.
Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacifythe evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating./r/n
凱爾特人相信死者的靈魂會在夜里出沒在街道和村莊 。因為他們認為不是所有的靈魂都是友善的，所以就把禮物和好吃的留在外面安慰惡靈來確保來年的莊稼可以豐收。這種習(xí)俗演變成了trick-or-treating。
英語資料 萬圣節(jié)來歷 西方的鬼節(jié)
萬圣節(jié)來歷 西方的鬼節(jié)
在西方國家，每年的１０月３１日，有個“Halloween”，辭典解釋為“The eve of All Saints'Day”，中文譯作：“萬圣節(jié)之夜”。萬圣節(jié)是西方國家的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。這一夜是一年中最“鬧鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼節(jié)”。 兩千多年前，歐洲的天主教會把１１月１日定為“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意。傳說自公元前五百年，居住在愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的凱爾特人 (CELTS) 把這節(jié)日往前移了一天，即１０月３１日。他們認為該日是夏天正式結(jié)束的日子，也就是新年伊始，嚴酷的冬季開始的一天。那時人們相信，故人的亡魂會在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈，借此再生，而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望。而活著的人則懼怕死魂來奪生，于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光，讓死魂無法找尋活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走。之后，他們又會把火種燭光重新燃起，開始新的一年的生活。
時間流逝，萬圣節(jié)的意義逐漸起了變化，變得積極快樂起來，喜慶的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的說法也漸漸被摒棄和忘卻。到了今天，象征萬圣節(jié)的形象、圖畫如巫婆、黑貓等，大都有友善可愛和滑稽的臉。臉譜化妝是萬圣節(jié)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)目
"Halloween"一詞的產(chǎn)生
很多民族都在萬圣節(jié)前夜有慶典聚會，這又被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”，或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最終約定俗成演變成了“Halloween”，中文意譯成了萬圣節(jié)之夜。
萬圣節(jié)的習(xí)俗――不請吃就搗亂
萬圣節(jié)的一個有趣內(nèi)容是“Trick or treat”，這習(xí)俗卻并非源自愛爾蘭，而是始于公元九世紀的歐洲基-督教會。那時的１１月２日，被基-督徒們稱為 “ALL SOULS DAY”（萬靈之日）。在這一天，信徒們跋涉于僻壤鄉(xiāng)間，挨村挨戶乞討用面粉及葡萄干制成的“靈魂之餅”。據(jù)說捐贈糕餅的人家都相信教會僧人的祈禱，期待由此得到上帝的佑護，讓死去的親人早日進入天堂。這種挨家乞討的傳統(tǒng)傳至當今竟演變成了孩子們提著南瓜燈籠挨家討糖吃的游戲。見面時，打扮成鬼精靈模樣的孩子們千篇一律 1
地都要發(fā)出“不請吃就搗亂”的威脅，而主人自然不敢怠慢，連聲說“請吃！請吃！”同時把糖果放進孩子們隨身攜帶的大口袋里。
另外還有南瓜雕空當燈籠的故事。這又是源于古代愛爾蘭。故事是說一個名叫 JACK 的人，是個醉漢且愛惡作劇。一天 JACK 把惡魔騙上了樹，隨即在樹樁上刻了個十字，恐嚇惡魔令他不敢下來，然后 JACK 就與惡魔約法三章，讓惡魔答應(yīng)施法讓 JACK 永遠不會犯罪為條件讓他下樹。 JACK 死后，其靈魂卻既不能上天又不能下地獄，于是他的亡靈只好靠一根小蠟燭照著指引他在天地之間倘佯。
孩子們喜愛的節(jié)日
萬圣節(jié)是兒童們縱情玩樂的好時候。它在孩子們眼中，是一個充滿神秘色彩的節(jié)日。夜幕降臨，孩子們便迫不及待地穿上五顏六色的化妝服，戴上千奇百怪的面具，提上一盞“杰克燈”跑出去玩�！敖芸藷簟钡臉幼邮挚蓯�，做法是將南瓜掏空，外面刻上笑瞇瞇的眼睛和大嘴巴，然后在瓜中插上一支蠟燭，把它點燃，人們在很遠的地方便能看到這張憨態(tài)可掬的笑臉。 收拾停當后，一群群裝扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“杰克燈”，跑到鄰居家門前，威嚇般地喊著：“要惡作劇還是給款待”、“給錢還是給吃的”。如果大人不用糖果、零錢款待他們，那些調(diào)皮的孩子就說到做到：好，你不款待，我就捉弄你。他們有時把人家的門把手涂上肥皂，有時把別人的貓涂上顏色。這些小惡作劇常令大人啼笑皆非。當然，大多數(shù)人家都非常樂于款待這些天真爛漫的小客人。所以萬圣節(jié)前夜的孩子們總是肚子塞得飽飽的，口袋裝得滿滿的。
萬圣節(jié)前夜最流行的游戲是“咬蘋果”。游戲時，人們讓蘋果漂浮在裝滿水的盆里，然后讓孩子們在不用手的條件下用嘴去咬蘋果，誰先咬到，誰就是優(yōu)勝者
2
萬圣節(jié)中英資料
起源:Halloween’s origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in).
The Celtic peoples lived over 2,000 years ago .In the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Northern France.
For the Celtic peoples, the New Year was celebrated on November 1st of every year. This date marked the end of Summer and the beginning of Winter.
This time of year was often associated with human death
The Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred as the dead searched for the afterlife.
Thus, on the night of October 31st, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to Earth to cause trouble.
To commemorate the event, people built huge sacred bonfires where animals and crops were sacrificed to the Gods for protection, and to help scare ghosts away. The Celts also wore costumes to disguise themselves, in an attempt to confuse the spirits roaming the Earth.
By the A.D. 800’s, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. Pope Boniface IV designated November 1st
All Saints Day, a time to honor Saints and Martyrs. It was known as All Hallowmas. Thus, October 31st became known as All Hallows Eve, and eventually was shortened to the current day title,
Halloween.
在2000多年前的愛爾蘭地區(qū)及法國北部，住著一群凱爾特人，而萬圣節(jié)就是起源于古塞爾特人的一個叫做Samhain的節(jié)慶 。
凱爾特人選在每年11月1日慶祝新年，正值夏天結(jié)束，冬天剛開始的時節(jié)多半讓人聯(lián)想到黑暗的死亡。
凱爾特人相信在新年的前一晚，陰間和陽間的大門不再門禁森嚴，此時陰間的鬼魂會趁機跑出來，為陽間的人們帶來厄運。所以，在-十-月三十一日晚上，凱爾特人會慶祝Samhain這個節(jié)日，以趨魔避邪。
凱爾特人借著神圣的營火，燃燒獻祭的動物和尸體，以趕走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保護。同時，凱爾特人也會假扮成鬼的樣子，企圖混淆跑到陽間的鬼魂 。
西元八百年時，基-督教傳入塞爾特人居住的區(qū)域。當時的教宗明訂十一月一日為萬聖節(jié)All Saints Day，又稱 All Hallowmas，來紀念所有的聖人和騎士。因此，十月三十一日就成了萬聖節(jié)前夕，英文稱之All Hallows Eve，而後來人們便簡稱十月三十一日為Halloween
Even later, in A.D. 1000, the Christian church made November 2nd All Soul’s Day, a day to honor the dead.
It was celebrated with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels, and devils.
Together, the three celebrations, All Hallows Eve, All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day, were called Hallowmas.
公元一千年左右，基-督教訂定十一月二日為All Souls’ Day ( 萬靈節(jié) )來紀念所有的死去的靈魂。借著大型營火，游-行和變裝打扮成圣人，天使或惡靈的方式來慶祝。綜合這三個節(jié)日All Hallows Eve (萬圣節(jié)前夕)，All Saints’ Day (萬圣節(jié)) 和 All Souls’ Day (萬靈節(jié))，就叫做Hallowmas.
Halloween arrived in North America courtesy of Irish and Scottish emigrants who brought stories of Samhain and Hallowmas, as well as tales of ghosts and spirits with them
in the 1840’s, during the Irish Potato Famine. The holiday flourished into what is now modern day Halloween.
1840年代，愛爾蘭區(qū)發(fā)生了饑荒，一些愛爾蘭及蘇格蘭人移民到北美洲，也把這些習(xí)俗和鬼故事帶到了北美洲，漸漸地，北美洲人也開始慶祝Halloween(萬圣節(jié))。 Many of the traditions associated with Halloween can be traced back to the ancient festivals of Samhain and Hallowmas. Traditions include costuming, trick-or-treating, bobbing for apples, pumpkin carving, and the lighting of bonfires.
許多關(guān)于Halloween(萬圣節(jié))習(xí)俗，包括變裝打扮，不搗蛋就給糖的游戲，咬蘋果的游戲，刻番瓜燈籠，和點燃大營火等習(xí)俗，都可以追溯到凱爾特人Samhain節(jié)，或是Hallowmas這些節(jié)日。
Trick-or-treating
The modern day custom of Trick-or-Treating originated from the very old custom of “Going-a-souling” or begging for soul cakes.
Soul cakes were baked goods offered to souls of the departed.
The Christian Church encouraged the practice of the needy going from home to home gathering food (Going-a-souling) at Harvest time. Prayers for the recently deceased from the needy were exchanged with the giving family.
不給糖就搗蛋的游戲起源于要靈魂餅干的習(xí)俗，所謂的靈魂餅干就是將烤好的餅干祭祀過世的人。后來，基-督教會鼓勵貧窮的人在收獲的季節(jié)里挨家挨戶地乞求食物，若是得到食物，這些窮人就會幫這家庭中過世的人祈禱以謝謝他們。
Those not offering goods were usually punished with a trick on Halloween night or hexed with misfortune for the next year. The term “trick-or-treat” is thought to have first originated in Britain where Halloween was known as “Mischief Night” and the practice of “going-a-souling” was common.
而窮人們對那些吝嗇不給食物的人通常會以惡作劇來懲罰他們，或是詛咒他們下一年都會厄運纏身。大部分人都認為不給糖就搗蛋是起源于惡作劇之夜和要靈魂餅干 (going-a-souling) 的習(xí)俗。
南瓜燈
Carved pumpkins are traditionally known as “Jack-o-lanterns.”
Traditionally, the jack-o-lantern was carved from a turnip, potato, or beet and lit with a burning candle. These lanterns represented the souls of departed loved ones and were placed in windows or set on porches to welcome the deceased.
They also served as protection from evil spirits freed from the dead on
Halloween night.
In North America, turnips, potatoes, and beets were not as readily available, so the pumpkin was used and found to be a suitable replacement.
眾人皆知的杰克番瓜燈是刻在番瓜上，但人們一開始是在蘿卜，馬鈴薯或甜菜上刻燈籠，然后挖空并點燃蠟燭在里面，形成燈籠。這些燈籠代表著過世的親友，并被放置在窗邊或門廊上，以歡迎他們回來。他們也被視為可趨魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，蘿卜，馬鈴薯和甜菜很罕見，因此常見的番瓜就成了非常適合的代替品。
People have been ma-ki-ng Jack-o-lanterns at Halloween for centuries. The practice originated from an Irish myth about a man known as “Stingy Jack.”
Stingy Jack one day invited the Devil to have a drink with him. Not wanting to pay for the drink, he tricked the Devil into turning himself into a coin, and then put the Devil into his pocket next to a cross that prevented the Devil from changing back into his original form.
Jack freed the Devil after the Devil promised not to bother Jack or, should he die, claim his soul.
Eventually, when Jack did die, God would not take him into Heaven, and the Devil, who had promised not to claim Jack’s
soul, could not take him into Hell.
Thus, the Devil sent Jack’s spirit into the night with only a burning candle to light his way. Jack put the candle into a carved out turnip and has been roaming the Earth ever since.
The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as “Jack of the Lantern,” and then simply as “Jack-o-lantern.”
萬圣節(jié)刻杰克南瓜燈的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)有幾世紀的歷史了。為什么要取名為杰克呢？在愛爾蘭人的傳說中有個有名的小氣杰克。有一天小氣杰克請魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小氣杰克卻小氣地不想付錢，所以他就騙魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己變成一枚硬幣，魔鬼變成硬幣后，小氣杰克迅速地把硬幣放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼變回原形。之后，魔鬼對小氣杰克發(fā)誓，他絕對不會對小氣杰克報仇，也保證杰克死了也不會讓他下地獄。這時，小氣杰克才讓魔鬼變回原形。
到小器杰克死掉后，上帝不允許他進入天堂，而魔鬼曾答應(yīng)過他不會讓他下地獄，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就讓他的靈魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留給他一根燃燒的蠟燭來指引他．從此以后，杰克就把蠟燭放在挖空刻好的蘿卜里，并且一直留在人間嚇人。愛爾蘭人一開始稱之為杰克的南瓜燈籠( Jack of the Lantern)，后來簡稱為杰克南瓜燈( Jack-o-lantern)。
化裝舞會
裝鬼的由來：Costumes were worn by the Celts for Samhain and the Christians for All Hallows’ Eve as a disguise to confuse and/or scare away the spirits/ghosts they believed were freely roaming the Earth from possessing their souls.
Today, although we no longer believe that spirits are flying freely, modernized costumes are worn at Halloween by children going trick-or-treating and by adults seeking fun and amusement.
過去，變裝打扮是為了讓鬼魂們搞不清楚，免得惹禍上身。現(xiàn)在，雖然人們不再相信鬼魂們會在陽間跑來跑去，但是小孩子還是會裝扮自己到處玩不給糖就搗蛋的游戲﹔而大人則是覺得裝扮自己有趣又好玩。
Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween
customs,especially among children.According to tradition,people would dress up in costumes(wear special clothing,masks or disguises)to frighten the spirits away.
盛裝是一個最流行的萬圣節(jié)習(xí)俗，特別是兒童。按照傳統(tǒng)，人們會穿上戲服（穿著特別的服裝，面具和偽裝）來嚇跑鬼魂。
Festival procession,former people dress up like all kinds of monsters but now people in addition to dress up as zombies,witches,vampire,ghosts or medusa classic monster outside,many people pursue innovation still dress up like AoTeMan,spider-man,or various other cartoon image.
節(jié)日游-行時，以前的人們會把自己打扮成各種各樣的怪物但是現(xiàn)在的人們除了打扮成僵尸、巫婆、吸血鬼、幽靈或美杜莎等經(jīng)典的怪物外，有許多人追求創(chuàng)新還會把自己打扮成奧特曼，蜘蛛俠等或是其他各種動漫形象。
Once in costume, children go from house to house saying ”Trick or treat!”In the past, children might play a ”trick” on people who did not give treats.They might pelt(扔，擲)houses with eggs or old tomatoes, or play other pranks(惡作劇).Today, children’s cries of “Trick or treat!” are usually rewarded with candy.(不請客就搗亂不給糖吃就搗亂)
【萬圣節(jié)的由來 英文】相關(guān)文章：
萬圣節(jié)的由來英文05-14
萬圣節(jié)的英文由來05-14
萬圣節(jié)的由來英文簡介05-14
萬圣節(jié)的由來英文介紹05-14
萬圣節(jié)由來英文簡介05-14
萬圣節(jié)的由來英文版05-14
萬圣節(jié)的由來中英文05-14
萬圣節(jié)的由來英文50字05-14
萬圣節(jié)由來英文版05-14