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2014年英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試指導(dǎo)：怎樣做翻譯題
漢譯英練習(xí)(一)
�、�、比較結(jié)構(gòu)
(一)比較對(duì)比的短語(yǔ)：
與…比較，與…相比compared with…, in comparison with
與…形成鮮明對(duì)照in contrast with(或to)
(1) _______________ (與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and
exciting. [2008.06/90]
(2) _______________ (和同齡的其他孩子相比), Robert is very tall.
(二)平級(jí)比較as…as;not as… as;not so much …as …(與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)…);the
same …as
(3) They will contact us _______________(盡快).
(4) He is _______________(與其說(shuō)他是位學(xué)者)as a writer.
(三)more than…;more and more;the more…the more…
(5) In my sixties, one change I notice is that _______________(我比以前更容易累了).
(6) I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because
___________________(它更加方便和省時(shí)).
(7) Once we were off the main freeway _______________(這趟旅行更像是度假).
(8) As the disease worsened (他感到走路越來(lái)越困難).
(9) The more you explain, (我越糊涂).
(10) The more preparation you do now, (考試前你就越不會(huì)緊張).
(四)否定詞+比較級(jí)nothing more… than;no less than…不亞于…
(11) Since my childhood I have found that (沒有什么比讀書對(duì)我更有吸引力).
(12) (她的勤奮不亞于)than her sister.
(五)倍數(shù)增減的表示法
(13) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
(14) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
(15) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
(16) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
Ⅱ、倒裝句
(一)Only引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首，句子要倒裝
(1) Only then (那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
(2) Only when you adjust down your price (我們才能做
成這筆買賣)
(二)句首出現(xiàn)帶有否定意義的詞位，句子要倒裝
(3) At no time (允許吸煙)in the meeting-room.
(4) (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.
(三)固定結(jié)構(gòu)Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than
(5) Scarcely had she fallen asleep (一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
(6) No sooner had Anne arrived (就生病了).
�、�、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
(1) (正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.
(2) (正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.
(3) (直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
漢譯英練習(xí)(一)參考答案
�、�、比較結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)Compared with the place where I grew up
(2) Compared with other children of the same age
(3) as soon as possible
(4) not so much a scholar
(5) I am more likely to get tired than before
(6) it is more convenient and time-saving
(7) the trip felt more like a vacation
(8) he found walking more and more difficult
(9) the more confused I am/get/become
(10) the less nervous you’ll be before the exam
(11) nothing is more attractive to me than reading/nothing attracts me more than reading
(12) She is no less diligent/hardworking than her
(13) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
(14) reacts 3 times as fast as the other one
(15) is 49 times the size of the moon
(16) wants to raise the rent by a third
�、�、倒裝句
(1) did the doctor realize that the patient needed an operation
(2) can we close the deal/conclude the business
(3) is smoking permitted
(4) Not until he had finished his mission
(5) when a knock at the door awakened her
(6) than she fell ill
�、�、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
(1) It was Jefferson who wrote
(2) It was because the water had risen that
(3) It was not until I told her that
漢譯英練習(xí)(二)
Ⅳ、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(一)非真實(shí)句的虛擬
基本形式(主要考與過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在將來(lái)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣),特別注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(混合時(shí)間虛擬)
(1)The victim _______________________ (本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái)) if he had beentaken to hospital in time.
(2)If I hadn’t _______________________ (警告你，你就可能喪命了).
(3)If _______________________ (如果我是你), I shouldn’t be worried.
(4)If you ________________ (在那里住上一段時(shí)間，你就會(huì)改變對(duì)那地方的看法了).
(5)If I _______________________ (昨天跟他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了).
(6)If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ____________________________ (你就不可能像現(xiàn)在這么笑了).
在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件
(7)Were you in my place, _______________________ (你也會(huì)這樣干的).
(8)Had it not been for their opposition, _________________ (這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).
(9)Should there be another war, ____________________ (人類的生存就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).otherwise(要不然，否則), but for(若不是，若非)經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ)
(10)But for his help, _________________ (我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
(11)Mary couldn’t have received my letter, _____________(否則她上周就該回信了).wish/if only(但愿，真希望，要是…就太好了)
(12)If only I _______________________ (能通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試)!
(13)Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ___________________(聽你的).
(14)Sometimes I wish I _____________________ (生活在一個(gè)不同的時(shí)間和空間).
(15)Jack wishes that ______________________ (他在大學(xué)學(xué)的是商務(wù)而不是歷史).
(二)would rather, It’s (about/high) time(該是…的時(shí)候了), as if / as though后引導(dǎo)的從句虛擬
(16)I would rather _________________________ (你明天來(lái)).
(17)Hugh usually talks _________________________ (仿佛他是老板似的).
(18)It’s (high) time that something ______________ (采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
(三) (should)+動(dòng)詞原形(一般式/被動(dòng)式/否定式)
信號(hào)詞：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞和名詞.....;帶有感情色彩的形容詞...;連詞..lest
(19)The professor required that _______________________ (我們交研究報(bào)告).
(20)We insist that _______________________ (讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
(21)We are going to discuss his suggestion that ________________ (取消期中考試).
(22)It is ridiculous that __________________ (我們?cè)谝粋�(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水).
(23)It is absolutely unfair that these children ____________________ (被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).
(24)It is essential that ______________________ (每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
(25)It is a shame that _____________________ (他竟然欺騙了那個(gè)可憐的小女孩)!
(26)He walked lightly _______________________ (以免驚醒嬰兒).
(27)Take your raincoat _______________________ (以防下雨).
Ⅴ、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(1)Some psychologists claim that people ___________ (出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤單).
(2)The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. ________________(她一定不在家).
(3)You screamed in your sleep last night. __________(你一定夢(mèng)見什么可怕的東西了).
(4)_______________________ (我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝) to go to the party;most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
漢譯英練習(xí)(二)參考答案
�、簟⑻摂M語(yǔ)氣
(1) would have survived
(2) warned you, you could have been killed
(3) I were you
(4) lived there for a while, you would change your mind about that place
(5) had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now
(6) you couldn’t be smiling like this now
(7) you would do the same
(8) this act would have been passed much earlier
(9) the existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
(10) I could not have rent a house at such a low price
(11) otherwise she would have replied to me last week
(12) I could pass the CET-4
(13) had followed your advice
(14) were living in a different time and space
(15) he had studied business instead of history when he was in university
(16) you came tomorrow
(17) as if/though he were the boss
(18) were done to solve the problem of traffic jam
(19) we (should) hand in our research report
(20) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
(21) The mid-term exam (should) de cancelled
(22) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
(23) these children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education
(24) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
(25) he should deceive that poor little girl
(26) lest he should awaken the baby
(27) in case it should rain
�、�、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(1) might feel lonely when they are away from home
(2) She can’t be at home
(3) You must have dreamed of something terrible
(4) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
漢譯英練習(xí)(三)
�、�、不定式
(1) It was a great achievement __________________ (10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).
(2)It is necessary _______________________ (我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X).
(3)It is generous _______________________ (你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
(4)The teacher decided _____________________ (不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
(5) Mr. Green was wondering ____________________ (是否去看望在法國(guó)的兒子).
(6)The gardener _______________________ (剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
(7) We _______________________ (請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
(8) He feels it challenging ________________ (在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
(9)We hope to have more opportunities _______________________ (把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).
(10) The bad weather ____________________ (破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).
(11) The environmentalists are against _________________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
(12) Sally Ride was the first _____________________ (探索外部空間的美國(guó)婦女).
(13) They lifted a rock _______________________ (結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
(14) He was surprised _____________________ (在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).
(15) I am sorry _______________________ (占用了您這么多時(shí)間).
(16) I happened _______________________ (在他沖進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候站在門口).
(17) She doesn’t like _______________________ (被當(dāng)作客人).
(18) If you want to save money, you’d better ______________ (到校園書店買舊書).
(19) We did nothing _______________________ (除了整天打橋牌).
(20) We were made _______________________ (進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
�、�、分詞
(1)This is the first time that I heard ___________(用意大利語(yǔ)唱“祝你生日快樂”).
(2)The cars _______________________ (停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
(3)The war went on for years, ____________________ (奪去了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命).
(4)The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _____________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
(5)_______________ (看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and beganto study.
(6)________________ (被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for hiseducation.
(7)_______________________ (從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來(lái)看), Einstein was asimple, modest and ordinary man.
(8)__________________ (好久沒有收到父母的來(lái)信了), he was worried about them.
�、�、動(dòng)名詞
(1)_______________________ (每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
(2)They tried to avoid _______________________ (讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
(3)Developing varieties is the key to _____________________ (使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)).
(4)It is no use _______________________ (為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
(5)He denied _______________________ (偷看了同桌的試卷).
(6)We congratulated her on _______________________ (被提升為經(jīng)理).
漢譯英練習(xí)三參考答案
Ⅵ、不定式
(1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
(2)for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
(3)of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
(4)not to punish those students who had been late for class
(5) whether to visit their son in France
(6)warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
(7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
(8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
(9)to apply what we have learned in class to practice
(10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
(11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
(12) American woman to explore the outer space
(13) only to drop it on their own feet
(14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
(15) to have taken up so much of your time
(16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
(17) to be treated as a guest
(18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
(19) but play bridge the whole day
(20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
Ⅶ、分詞
(1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
(2) parked in the fire lane
(3) killing thousands upon thousands of people
(4) raising the average yield by 15 percent
(5) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
(6) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
(7) Seen from the eyes of a young friend
(8) Not having heard from his parents for a long time
�、�、動(dòng)名詞
(2) Taking a cold bath every day
(3) making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do
(4) getting our goods into the international market
(5) crying over spilled milk
(6) having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper
(7) being promoted to manager
漢譯英練習(xí)(四)
�、�、名詞從句
主語(yǔ)從句
(1)___________________________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
(2)________________________(最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
(3)_____________________________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置，用it作形式主語(yǔ)
(4)It is not clear yet _____________________________(誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).
(5)It is none of your business _____________________________(瑪麗與誰(shuí)訂婚).
賓語(yǔ)從句
(6)Don’t put off till tomorrow ____________________________(今天能做的事).
表語(yǔ)從句
(7)This novel is just _____________________________(我一直在尋找的).
同位語(yǔ)從句
(8)Obviously, there was little certainty _________________ (主席會(huì)同意他的提議).
whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句
(9)_____________________________ (她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.
(10)My main problem right now is _______________ (我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).
(11)It all depends on _____________________________ (他們是否會(huì)支持我們).
Ⅹ、定語(yǔ)從句
先行詞為地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句通常由where引導(dǎo)
(1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _________________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
(2)The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _____________________________ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).
先行詞為時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句通常由when引導(dǎo)
(3)The old lady died ____________________________ (在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).
先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句通常由why引導(dǎo)
(4)This is ____________________________ (我贊成這一提議的理由).
whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
(5)Mr. King, ___________________ (金先生腿受重傷), was taken to the hospital.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(6)Some of the roads were flooded, ________________ (這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
(7)He introduced me to his students, _____________________________ (他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生).
as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
(8)____________________________ (眾所周知), water is a liquid.
Ⅺ、狀語(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
(1)_____________________________ (不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
(2)I am going to pursue this course, ______________________________ (無(wú)論我要作出什么犧牲).
(3)_____________________________ (不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
(4)Leaving one’s job, _____________________________ (不管是什么工作),is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.
目的狀語(yǔ)從句
(5)We climbed high ______________________ (這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
(6)______________________________ (為了掙錢供我上學(xué)), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
(7)The problem so very complicated _________________ (花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).
條件狀語(yǔ)從句
(8)You can go out _________________________ (只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).
方式狀語(yǔ)從句
(9)I remember the whole thing ________________________ (仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
漢譯英練習(xí)四參考答案
�、�、名詞從句
(1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
(2) What confused me most
(3) That this was done on purpose
(4) who should be responsible for this matter
(5) whom Mary is engaged to
(6) what can be done today
(7) what I have been looking for
(8) that the chairman would agree to this proposal
(9) Whether she likes the present
(10) whether I should ask for another loan
(11) whether they will support us
�、�、定語(yǔ)從句
(1) the house where Lu Xun was born
(2) the field (where) we can cooperate/the field in which we can cooperate
(3) on the day when his son arrived
(4) the reason why I am in favor of this proposal
(5) whose legs were badly hurt
(6) which made our journey more difficult
(7) most of whom were English majors
(8) As is known to all
Ⅺ、狀語(yǔ)從句
(1) Whatever we talk about
(2) whatever sacrifice I have to make
(3) Whichever side wins
(4) no matter what kind of job it is/no matter what it is
(5) so that we might get a better view
(6) In order to/To earn/make/get money for/finance my education
(7) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it
(8) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night
(9) as if it happened yesterday
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