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2017公共英語二級(jí)閱讀文章《冰山》
冰山是一塊大若山川的冰,脫離了冰川或冰架,在海洋里自由漂流。 冰山非常結(jié)實(shí),加之極地的低溫環(huán)境下金屬的強(qiáng)度降低,很容易損壞金屬板,因此為極地海洋運(yùn)輸中的極端危險(xiǎn)因素。下面,小編為大家送上一篇2017公共英語二級(jí)閱讀文章,我們一起去了解一下這座危險(xiǎn)的冰山吧。
Icebergs
Icebergs are among nature's most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being —— somewhere —— in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.
Objects of sheerest beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring —— in calm, sunlight seas.
But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are —— in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.
Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.
As each year's snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.
冰山
冰山是大自然最壯觀的創(chuàng)造之一,但大多數(shù)人卻從未看到過冰山,一種朦朧神秘的氣氛籠罩著它們。冰山形成于久遠(yuǎn)的、寒冷的水體中,而且伴隨著雷聲轟鳴般的嘈雜和水花洶涌的風(fēng)暴,但卻無人耳聞目睹。冰山僅存在短短的一段時(shí)間就慢慢地悄無聲息地融化掉。
冰山具有最純粹的美,人們?nèi)缡钦f。冰山呈現(xiàn)出千姿百態(tài),可能白得耀眼,或者是閃耀著藍(lán)色、綠色或紫色的玻璃般的光芒,或濃或淡。它們?cè)谄届o的陽光照耀的海水中顯得優(yōu)雅堂皇,令人浮想聯(lián)翩。
但是人們亦把冰山稱為恐怖的和危險(xiǎn)的。它們的確如此——在夜間,霧天和風(fēng)暴肆虐時(shí)。即便是在晴朗的天氣里,與它們保持一段安全距離也是明智的。冰山的大部分體積穩(wěn)藏于水下,因此其水下部分的伸展遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過可見的頂部。冰山也可能出人意料地翻滾,劇烈地?cái)噭?dòng)周圍的水體。
冰山是冰川的一部分,從冰川斷裂漂流進(jìn)水中,一段時(shí)間后融化。今天的冰山由多年前降落的雪花形成。它們的體內(nèi)是數(shù)百年,或數(shù)千年,有時(shí)甚至是數(shù)百萬年前的降雪。這些雪花落在極地或寒冷的山上,僅有少量融化或根本不融化,這樣經(jīng)過許多年或許多世紀(jì)后積累了巨大的深度。
由于每年的雪花積累在表面之上,蒸發(fā)和融化使得雪花慢慢失去其羽狀尖端而變成微小的冰粒。當(dāng)新的雪花降落到舊的表面上,也變成了冰粒。因而雪花覆蓋層和冰粒層層堆積起來直到如此之大的厚度以致較上層的重量壓縮較下層。在時(shí)間和壓力的作用下,許多小冰粒結(jié)合到一起變成更大的晶體,最終較底層的晶體合并成龐大而堅(jiān)固的冰塊。
附:公共英語二級(jí)閱讀技巧
(1)先看題干,帶著問題讀文章
閱讀題干,首先要掌握問題的類型,分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)、作者未加陳述的觀點(diǎn)以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理才能解答。
其次,這一步驟中應(yīng)把短文后的所有題干都看到,做到心中有數(shù),并且暫時(shí)不看選擇項(xiàng)(除要求判斷說法是否符合原文的題目外),以免受選擇項(xiàng)干擾,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率,節(jié)省了時(shí)間。特別適用于對(duì)圖形表格類閱讀材料。
(2)深層理解題,比較各題
答完題后,要進(jìn)行復(fù)查,復(fù)查時(shí)可以先讀短文后檢驗(yàn)答案,也可以把答案與短文對(duì)照起來檢查。復(fù)查的方法主要有二:
看按已有的理解,作者的觀點(diǎn)、方式、態(tài)度、情感等方面是否存在不一致或相互矛盾之處。在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。
這就是通常所說的深層理解。如果我們對(duì)文章的理解是正確的,這種忠實(shí)于原文;以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)的深層理解應(yīng)該會(huì)在文中得到多處應(yīng)證,至少也是不出現(xiàn)矛盾。
看通篇各個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)有無聯(lián)系,有無矛盾。
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