which 定語從句
定語從句中的which該如何使用呢?下面是小編分享的which定語從句相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能幫助到你。
Which 和that同為關(guān)系代詞，都可指物，并且有時(shí)會(huì)覺得用that 也可以，用which 也沒錯(cuò)。但在哪些情況下是只能用which的呢?
1.在非限定性定語從句中，無論如何也不能用that
A.This brunch of carnation, which is wound by silk ribbon ,is the first gift to my mom.
這束康乃馨是送給媽媽的第一份禮物，它被絲帶所纏繞。
B.These books,which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.
這本書你可以在鎮(zhèn)里的各個(gè)角落獲取得到，它會(huì)給你所有的信息。
2.關(guān)系代詞前面出現(xiàn)介詞時(shí)
A.Those days in which you could travel without a passport has gone.
那些你不用帶護(hù)照可以旅行的日子一去不復(fù)返了。
B.That`s the motel at which we stayed several years ago.
那是我們?cè)S多年以前停留的汽車旅館。(此處which不可替換為that)
3.當(dāng)先行詞本身為that(指代)時(shí)
A.what about that which had appeared in recent activities.
那個(gè)怎么樣，在最近的活動(dòng)中出現(xiàn)過. (結(jié)合具體語境看that所指代的是什么)
B.The knowledge are from various fields and that which display the waves of human being.
知識(shí)來自不同領(lǐng)域并且它也彰顯這人類的智慧。(從句中that指前面的知識(shí)，只能用which作關(guān)系詞)
4當(dāng)先行詞是baby, child等詞時(shí)
A.Have you notice that child which has lost his way to home in the supermarket ?
在超市，你注意到那個(gè)找不到回家路的孩子了嗎?
that與which的用法區(qū)別
1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，通常要用which：
The current,whichis very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使這條河很危險(xiǎn)。
He has to work on Sundays,whichhe doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜歡這樣的。
The London team,whichplayed so well last season, has done badly this season. 倫敦隊(duì)上一個(gè)季度打得很好，這個(gè)季度卻打得很差。
2. 直接放在介詞后作賓語時(shí)，通常要用which：
She may be late, inwhichcase we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那樣我們就要等等她。
The documents forwhichthey were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已找到了。
This morning some port wine came, forwhichI have to thank you. 今天早上送來一些波爾圖葡萄酒，為此我得向你道謝。
注：有時(shí)“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+which+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)：
He had only the long nights inwhichhe could . =He had only the long nights inwhichto . 他只有漫漫長夜可用來。
He had a couple of revolvers withwhichhe could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers withwhichto defend himself. 他只有一兩把槍用來自衛(wèi)。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞是下列不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等時(shí)，通常用that： Allthatshe lacked was training. 她缺的只是訓(xùn)練。
Have you everythingthatyou need? 你需要的東西都有了嗎?
The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everythingthatwas said around him. 這位酣睡的人頭腦的下意識(shí)能記住他周圍的人說的話。 She would never do anythingthatwas not approved of by her parents. 她父母不贊同的事她絕不會(huì)做。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same 等修飾時(shí)，通常用that： This is the only examplethatI know. 我知道的例子只有這一個(gè)。 Those are the very wordsthathe used. 那是他的原話。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next等)等修飾時(shí)，通常用that：
This is the best dictionarythatI’ve ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。
The first thingthatyou should do is to work out a plan. 你應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。
6. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作表語時(shí)，通常用that：
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。
7. 當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)，通常用that：
They talked about the persons and thingsthatmost impressed them. 他們談?wù)摿耸顾麄冇∠笞钌畹娜撕褪隆?/p>
8. 當(dāng)要避免重復(fù)時(shí)：
Whichis the coursethatwe are to take? 我們選哪門課程?
當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不能用which的幾種常見情況
1 先行詞為 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little 等不定代詞時(shí)。
如 There is nothingthatcan stop him from doing it
2 先行詞前有 last, next, only，very 及序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。如This is the most interesting filmthatwas shown last week這是上周所放映的 影片中最有趣的一部。
The only thingthatthey can do is to wait他們唯一能做的事就是等待。
3 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。
如This is the second computerthatfather has just bought
這是爸爸剛剛買的第 二臺(tái)電腦。
This is the very pen (that) you bought yesterday
這正是你昨天買的筆。
4當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
如Sally is talking about the writer and his bookthatinterests her 薩麗在談 論這位作家及能使 她感興趣的這位作家的書。
5 當(dāng)主語是 who 的疑問句。
如Who is the boythatis playing computer games?
在玩電腦游戲的男孩是誰?
當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which而不能用that的場合
1關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。
如This is the house inwhichTom once lived這是湯姆曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
2 在非限定性定語從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，如果去掉逗號(hào)， 整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá) 完整的意義的定語從句)中。
如 They are talking about the TV play,whichthey saw last night 他們正在談?wù)?昨晚看的電視劇。
介詞which定語從句
1、語法作用：
“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語：
（1）表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間和原因的“介詞＋which”分別相當(dāng)于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）
The earth on which／where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？
�。�2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2、“of＋which”起形容詞的作用，相當(dāng)于whose（用來指物），其詞序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3、可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
4、介詞的選擇（選擇介詞時(shí)須考慮下列情況）
（1）介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in與way是習(xí)慣搭配）
�。�2）介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配）
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配）
�。�3）同形的先行詞，或定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí)，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配；在后句中意為“時(shí)期”，與in搭配。
�。�4）復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
�。�5）短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見的短語動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時(shí)可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。
�。ㄕ`）This is the girl of whom he will take care.
（正）This is the girl whom he will take careof.
�。�6）當(dāng)介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密（但不是短語動(dòng)詞）時(shí)，介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí)，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時(shí)宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前；而前句中的to則可后置。
5、關(guān)系代詞的選擇
用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）
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