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what用法定語從句
定語從句是英語語法中的一個重要部分,也是語言學(xué)習(xí)中必須掌握的一個知識點(diǎn)。其中,what在定語從句中的用法也是一個值得探討的話題。以下是小編整理的what用法定語從句相關(guān)資料,希望對你有幫助!
what用法定語從句
一、關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 指代對象及在從句中所作的成分使用要點(diǎn)
what:
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)只用于限制性定語從句中,介詞后面不能跟that。 當(dāng)代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music
我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。
which;
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里
who,whom:
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學(xué)生已經(jīng)參軍了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的所有格, 代物時,相當(dāng)于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine.
那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
that;
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
只用于限制性定語從句中,介詞后面不能跟that。 當(dāng)代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。
which
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV.
“A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學(xué)生已經(jīng)參軍了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的所有格, 代物時,相當(dāng)于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
二、用法歸納
1. 表示“的東西或事情”:
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他賺多少,積蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。
2. 表示“的人或的樣子”:
He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個樣子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個樣子的?
3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”:
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“的時間”:
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎過了幾個小時他才苦笑著出來。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說話,在那兒站了幾個小時。
5. 表示“的地方”:
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。
三、用法提示
注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。
正:You can have what you like.(賓語從句) / You can have everything (that) you like.(定語從句)
誤:You can have everything what you like.
what語法
1、what用作疑問代詞時,其基本意思是“什么,什么東西,什么事情”,用作疑問句,為特殊疑問句的一個標(biāo)志。
2、what作關(guān)系代詞時,其含意是“所…的事(物)”?捎脕硪龑(dǎo)主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句或同位語從句。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語從句,其所指的名詞必定是單數(shù)。主語是單數(shù)時,謂語動詞一般是單數(shù),但有時因謂語動詞之后有復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
3、what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,常置于謂語之后,用作表語時,放在系動詞之后。what還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“不管…”。還可接動詞不定式短語。
4、what有時候可解釋為whatever,表示“不管怎么樣”。
5、what所引導(dǎo)的句子中,判斷從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),看what后跟的詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
6、what可同時用于主格和賓格,并且表示兩個不同的事物。
what引導(dǎo)從句的例子
一、作為主語:
1. What you said hurt my feelings. (你說的話傷害了我的感情。)
2. What he did was unacceptable. (他所做的是不可接受的。)
二、作為賓語:
1. She showed me what she bought at the store. (她給我看她在商店買的東西。)
2. I cant remember what he said to me yesterday. (我記不得他昨天對我說了什么。)
三、作為表語:
1. The important thing is what you do next. (重要的是你接下來要做什么。)
2. The problem is not what she said, but how she said it. (問題不是她說了什么,而是她說話的方式。)
what if用法總結(jié)
用法:
1、(表示條件)如果 ,主句用將來時,if從句用現(xiàn)在時表示將來
He will come if you invite him.
如果你請他,他會來的..
2、(表示虛擬)假如,要是
時態(tài):可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況.它的基本特點(diǎn)是時態(tài)退后.
a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè).
句型 :條件從句 主句
一般過去時 should( would) +動詞原形
If they were here,they would help you.
b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè).
句型:條件從句 主句
過去完成時 should(would) have+ 過去分詞
If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday,I should / would have told him about it.
含義:He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.
含義:He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示對將來的假想
句型:條件從句 主句
一般過去時 should+ 動詞原形
were+ 不定式 would + 動詞原形
should+ 動詞原形
If you succeeded,everything would be all right.
If you should succeed,everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.
3、是否 = whether 連接賓語從句
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了.
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